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Aussie scientists stumble across the Doomsday Bug
PARIS, Jan 10 (AFP) -
Australian gene engineers accidentally created a mouse virus that
kills every one of its victims by wrecking their immune system, a
discovery with the potential for making the ultimate terrorist
weapon, New Scientist reports.

The killer bug was invented quite inadvertently, while the
researchers were trying to create a contraceptive vaccine for mice as
a pest control, the British weekly reports in next Saturday's issue.

They inserted into a mousepox virus a gene that creates large amounts
of interleukin 4 (IL-4), a naturally-occurring molecule that produces
antibodies in the immune system.

The idea was to stimulate antibodies to destroy eggs in female mice,
thus making the rodents infertile.

Mousepox, a close relation to smallpox, normally only causes mild
symptoms among the type of mice being used in the study, and was only
being used as a vehicle to deliver the IL-4.

But when the IL-4 gene was inserted, the engineered virus ran amok,
attacking the "cell-mediated response" -- the part of the immune
system that fights viral infection. All the animals in the study were
wiped out in just nine days.

Worse, the engineered virus was astonishingly resistant to vaccines.
A vaccine that would normally protect these mice from mousepox only
worked in half of the mice exposed to the killer version.

Co-researcher Ron Jackson, of the Canberra-based institute CSIRO,
said the discovery was a frightening indicator of what could happen
if the human smallpox virus was similarly modified.

"It would be safe to assume that if some idiot did put human IL-4
into human smallpox, they'd increase the lethality quite
dramatically," he told New Scientist.

"Seeing the consequences of what happened in the mice, I wouldn't
want to be the one to do the experiment."

"It's surprising how very, very bad the virus is," said Anne Hill, a
vaccine experts from Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland,
Oregon.

Smallpox has been eradicated as a disease thanks to a global
vaccination campaign, although two laboratories -- one in the United
States, the other in Russia -- still have ampoules containing the
virus, under an arrangement with the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The incident highlights how easy it could be for some with bio-
engineering knowledge to create a murderous virus for which there
would be no cure or effective vaccine, New Scientist said.

"Vast amounts of time and effort have gone into policing the
military's use of biotechnology. But the activities of civilian
biologists have been ignored," it said.

"Yet genetic engineering techniques are now so widespread that
potentially dangerous results are bound to emerge accidentally."

It suggests tougher vetting of research proposals; a greater effort
to train students in biological subjects about potential dangers
arising from lab work; and encouraging greater openness among
biologists to discuss the misuse of genetic engineering.




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