-Caveat Lector- ----- Original Message ----- From: blagovesta doncheva <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Cc: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Monday, May 21, 2001 4:21 PM Subject: Bulgaria/"Partnership For Peace" > N A T O > PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE > > > The Partnership for Peace (PfP) Programme has been > launched at the January 10-11 1994 NATO Summit in > Brussels. This Programme has turned out to be the main > instrument of carrying out NATO's relationships with > all non-NATO countries in Europe and in former Soviet > Union. Practically all of them take part also in the > Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) that has been > created in May 1997 with the participation of 28 > countries, namely: Albania, Armenia, Austria, > Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, > Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kyrdgjhyz > Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, > Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the > former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tajikistan, > Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. All but > Tajikistan were also members of RfP. (Later the Czech > Republic, Hungary and Poland became regular NATO > members.) > Politically the PfP Programme appeared after a period > of certain discussions about the future of the > Alliance that has followed the end of the "Cold War". > These discussions have been carried out both among the > wider East and West public and to some extent - within > certain NATO circles in the days of former General > Secretaries Werner and Klaas, immediately preceding > Solana on this post. > For some time it was difficult to explain to the > world the necessity of preserving NATO after its main > adversary, the Warsaw Pact, has unilaterally declared > its self-dissolvement. Just in this period the idea of > transforming NATO into an all-European (and even > transcontinental) POLITICAL SECURITY SCHEME was > launched. It was liked and advocated mostly by the > former Soviet and East European politicians. They > somehow believed in this though they did not have any > evidence of intentions on the side of their NATO > "partners". (?) > In this atmosphere most of the long Declaration of > the Heads of States and Governments taking part in the > meeting of the North Atlantic Council on January 10-11 > 1994 could be interpreted (and obviously has been > interpreted) as a kind of a step towards such a > POLITICAL SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY. > It underlined the necessity of a Pact of Stability in > Europe, of unconditional continuation of the Nuclear > Arms non-proliferation Treaty, of the importance the > Conventions on chemical and biological weapons come > into operation as soon as possible, etc. > On this general political background the measures > that have been proposed by the PfP Programme looked > quite reasonable and acceptable. Briefly, they covered > fields like: > - transparency in national defence planning and > budgeting; > - providing democratic control of defence forces; > - strengthening the ability to undertake peacekeeping > missions, search, rescue and humanitarian operations; > - modernising military forces so that they become > better able to operate jointly with those of NATO > members in the view of fostering a common approach to > security in the Euro-Atlantic era, etc. > These detailed suggestions together with a number of > considerations of a general political nature were > revealed in 26 paragraphs in the Jan 1994 NATO Summit > Declaration, in the Partnership for Peace Invitation > and in the PfP Framework Document launched by the same > Meeting. > We can only guess what have been the reasons that have > made Russia, all former Warsaw Pact countries and a > number of classically non-aligned and neutral European > countries accept unanimously this Invitation. Perhaps > they believed that after the demise of the Warsaw Pact > there will be an end of the military counterpoise in > Europe and world-wide, and more room for free choice > and expression of their opinions, interests and > policies. Or was it possible that the end of the > so-called "Cold War" has marked a new period in the > history of the international relations? A period in > which all these countries lose their national > independence and turn into puppets and serfs of the > USA and NATO as the only remaining unrivalled super > power in Europe and world-wide? > Whatever the case, all these countries seemed not to > have noticed the closing sentence of point 13 from the > Declaration of the Meeting in Jan. 1994. It said that: > "Active participation the PfP will be of great > importance for the revolutionary process of NATO > enlargement." In the ocean of good words and > considerations only that one sentence strikes another > note, and it maybe could well be ignored. > However just that sentence seems to contain all the > main objectives both of PfP Programme and of USA-NATO > policies in the world of nowadays. > The Framework Document and the other materials of the > PfP Programme create the impression that the Programme > will; provide for the further development and > modernisation of the participating countries' national > armies in view of strengthening their defence capacity > and assuring a higher degree of security for any of > them. > The almost six years of Bulgaria's active > participation in the various PfP activities have > however shown something quite different. > First of all, it is difficult to evaluate the degree > of reciprocity between NATO and Bulgaria regarding the > processes of military plans' elaboration and the > formation of the military budgets. What can be > witnessed is rather a continuous process of detailed > inspections and evaluations practically of all sides > and aspects of Bulgaria's defence potential by various > NATO - and first of all, US - military experts and > study groups. "We have no secrets from our US-NATO > partners." That philosophy has been unilaterally > repeated practically by all the Bulgarian top > officials, f.i., the Head of the Reconnaissance > Service, MPs, Cabinet members, military officials, > etc. There is no reason to doubt them since, for > example, pictures of the only few remaining powerful > rtocketR-300 weapons of Bulgaria have appeared in > Turkey shortly after the visit of several US officials > to what used to be one of our most secret military > bases. > US generals have formulated the basic recommendations > (or rather orders?!) for what has turned later to be > Plans "2004" and "2010" of the Bulgarian Government > according to which the total number of the Bulgarian > army should not exceed 45 000. NATO insists that even > the war-time mobilisation of the army should not > exceed 150 000!The most significant combat units like > the Rocket Forces, the tank units and the Air Force > have been dismissed or turned practically > unfunctional. The army has been practically withdrawn > from vast regions along the Southern borders of the > country without reciprocal measures on the side of > Turkey or Greece. Allegedly for financial reasons and > for the sake of "modernisation" the number of the Air > Force bases has been cut from 17 to 4 at the > beginning, and then - to only 2. After the Agreement > with NATO in March 2001 all of them seem to be just > given to NATO forces. Bulgaria however is supposed to > spend $ 40millions for the adjustment of the Graff > Ignatievo airport (near Plovdiv) according to the NATO > standards though the Bulgarian Air Forces are not > going to use it anymore. A number of many other > similar financial engagements have been imposed on > Bulgaria by the March 2001 Agreement with NATO which > is the same as the infamous Albright's Annex B to the > Rambouillet Treaty. > The Navy exists also just symbolically: solely for > welcoming NATO units that are practically on > never-ending visits to the Bulgarian ports. Still the > USA constantly insists that we scrap even our last > remaining submarine that we still have alongside with > the "R-300" rockets. > Apparently, the very limited Army number is planned to > have at its disposal no serious military equipment > from now on. It is obviously planned that the remnants > of the former Bulgarian Army are to perform > exclusively gendarme and guarding functions, or to > participate in "peace-keeping missions" abroad when > USA-NATO finds that necessary. In such a condition the > armed forces just cannot fulfil their basic > Constitutional duty and obligations to ensure the > national sovereignty and the territorial integrity of > the country. In reality that has turned out to be the > most characteristic and conspicuous result of > following the main principles and recommendations (or > rather, orders?!) related to the participation in the > PfP Programme and its activities. > Following the same instructions, the Bulgarian defence > industry has also been ruined and nowadays a soldier > can often shot no more than 5 (five) bullets during > his full-time army service... At the same time, no > matter that Bulgaria is such an obedient and loyal > partner, the USA and NATO have so far always been > giving directly negative answers to the Bulgarian > top-official s' questions if they - US and NATO - are > ready to guarantee the international security of > Bulgaria. > The joint military exercises within the frame work of > the PfP Programme (the Bulgarian side pays for them > too) are usually planned and carried out in a way that > dopes not contribute significantly either to the army > forces' combat skills and capacity improvement, or to > the security degree increase of the non-NATO partner > countries. > When PfP exercises take place in the USA or some NATO > countries usually only small Bulgarian units go there. > Apart from mere propaganda functions, their > performances there are more likely to serve some > certain laboratory-testing purposes and studies of > physiological, biochemical, psychological, etc., > characteristic of the human potential of actual or > probable adversaries. (No wonder that Russians so far > have never participated in such kind of activities.) > The US Army had such study programmes during the > Warsaw Pact times and apparently those programmes are > still in force. > When the joint PfP exercises of search and rescue or > other various humanitarian operations take part for > example in the Black Sea, it gets obvious once again > that US-NATO guests are to benefit from them. Though > so far they are declared to be peaceful in character > (f.i., Cupertino in saving operations during > catastrophes and the likes), they are getting each > time closer and closer to the Russian shores and the > Russian main naval bases around Sevastopol. (No wonder > that the Russians refuse to participate in such PfP > activities too). > PfP activities offer also a good opportunity for > reconnaissance, getting acquainted or even recruitment > for various purposes of some officers at suitable > positions from the partner countries. Similar > approaches to various ranks of the military personnel > from friendly countries have been a widespread > practice of the US Army in Latin America, f.i. The PfP > General Framework apparently aims at turning the > European new partners' armed forces into Latin > American-type armies - i.e., armies, unable to ensure > the international security of the respective country > but destined to fulfil mostly gendarme repressive > functions in respect to its own population. It is > "natural" then to take care that new type army > officers come into being: a generation of army > officers capable of coping with such tasks. > Once liked and selected by the masters, such officers > usually enjoy extraordinary rapid and fascinating army > careers. Bulgaria has already generals who have never > commanded a platoon in their lives! Among other things > such phenomena have a definitely demoralising and > corruptive effect over the rest of the Army officers. > Obviously enough, the image of a skilful professional, > capable of waging modern warfare for the sake of his > homeland defence is being replaced by the dream of a > prospective position somewhere closer to the PfP > initiatives and NATO Headquarter' offices. > > > > __________________________________________________ > Do You Yahoo!? > Yahoo! Auctions - buy the things you want at great prices > http://auctions.yahoo.com/ > <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! 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