-Caveat Lector-

The Measure of Power
By Alan Leo June 28, 2001

   Non-intrusive load monitoring gives detailed views of where power is
going, with payoffs for utilities, customers and maybe Big Brother.

California's winter of rolling blackouts left its citizens outraged, its
utilities in crisis and its politicians pointing fingers. Enter Steven Leeb
and Les Norford, two MIT professors with a plan to help electricity
suppliers and consumers figure out where power is going and how to conserve
it.

Leeb, a professor of electrical engineering, and Norford, a professor of
architecture, are working together to test a system called non-intrusive
load monitoring, or NILM (rhymes with "film"), which uses a wallet-sized
blue box, a PC and some very advanced software to measure fluctuations in
voltage and current hundreds of times each second.

Using complex algorithms, the system's software analyzes these minute
fluctuations to identify a building's electrical "load"—the individual
machines drawing power off the line, be they light bulbs, air conditioners
or a washing machine. The system is "non-intrusive," explains Leeb, because
it attaches to the outside of a power cable running into a building.

Truly Smart Sensing

While "smart meters"—devices that gather detailed data about electricity in
a home or business—have been around for years, researchers call NILM a major
leap over existing technology.

Most smart meters in use today must be connected to the power line, which
makes installation expensive. And such systems take only a few measurements
per minute—or per hour. By taking hundreds of samples each second, the new
monitoring technique can present a far more detailed, high-resolution
picture of electricity use.

"It's like a microscope," says Mary Ann Piette, a staff scientist at
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in Berkeley, CA, where researchers are
testing the system. "You're looking at very minute info from the signal
data."

A NILM prototype currently monitors washing machines in an MIT dorm, display
ing the results on the Internet. "See that?" exclaimed Leeb during a recent
demonstration. "Someone just turned on a drier!"

cont'd at
http://www.techreview.com/web/leo/leo062801.asp

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