-Caveat Lector- The CIA's Secret Files on Greece http://www.fas.org/sgp/news/2001/08/gr081201.html History of U.S.-Greek Ties Blocked CIA Opposes Disclosure of Proposed Covert Actions in '60s http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A15770-2001Aug15.html The CIA claims to have changed So why is it suppressing a book about its activities in Greece? http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,543170,00.html Poster's note: Anything below in square brackets [ ] are my own additions. Greek dictatorships of 1967-1974 and their relations with the United States =============================== Below is a (joined) extract from an obituary article which appeared in the 'Economist' on July 3, 1999. (George Papadopoulos died on June 27, 1999.) **START** [Nixon] sent his vice-president, Spiro Agnew, who was of Greek descent, to Athens to say that America supported Mr Papadopoulos and his junta [...] It is unclear whether America's intelligence service, the CIA [Central Intelligence Agency], had a hand in the [April 1967] coup that installed Mr Papadopoulos and his military friends: historians are divided on the matter. He had been attached to a Greek army intelligence unit that had links with the CIA. So there is material for a conspiracy theory. And, as Mr Nixon later demonstrated when he sent a note to the junta expressing "warm love", he did not find the coup too upsetting. **END** And according to an article which appeared in the 'New York Times', on August 2, 1974, at the time of the coup, Papadopoulos had already been on the CIA payroll for some 15 years. The following extract is from the book: "Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger" by Christopher Hitchens, Verso, 1997, p.64 (ISBN 1859841899): **START** Colonel George Papadopoulos, who led the coup, had been on the payroll of the CIA since 1952 and acted as the chief liaison officer between the Greek KYP [Greek subsidiary of the CIA] and its senior partner in Langley, Virginia. Moreover, he had used a NATO contigency plan [code-named "Prometheus"], designed to counter unrest in the event of a 'hot' war in the Balkans, to activate his putsch. In his book, "Prescriptions for Prosperity" (1983), Lyndon Johnson's former friend and confidant Eliot Janeway describes a visit to Athens with Senator Vance Hartke in the autumn of 1966: "To our surprise, our visit coincided with the preliminaries for the Greek military putsch, sponsored by the CIA and the DIA (the undercover Defense Intelligence Agency, an arm of the Department of Defense)." Janeway recounts Johnson's rage at his disclosure of this in a confidential bulletin. The elephant's trunk was getting ready to strike. **END** Below is an extract from the book: "A Short History of Modern Greece" by Richard Clogg, Cambridge University Press, 1984, p.193. (ISBN 0521295173) **START** The regime's main external prop was undoubtedly the United States. Although many Greeks of all political persuasions believed that the American CIA had somehow been directly involved in the 1967 coup, there was little evidence to substantiate this. But if the American administration was not involved in the actual establishment of the dictatorship it nonetheless did afford the regime a very considerable degree of aid and comfort. Although in theory shipments of heavy weapons were cut off between 1967 and 1970, America remained the major supplier of military equipment to the junta. The Pentagon was particularly anxious to maintain good relations with Greece so as to continue to enjoy base facilities in a country whose strategic importance to the Western alliance had increased following the Arab/Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973 and the rapid build-up of a Soviet naval presence in the Mediterranean. This last development prompted the negotiation in 1972 of the 'Home Port' agreement, which provided permanent port facilities for the Sixth Fleet in Greece. When the United States congress voted to cut off military aid to Greece, President Nixon was quick to take advantage of the provision that such aid could be resumed if he considered this to be essential to United States defence interests. In January 1972 he declared that the defence of Israel, a primary objective of American policy in the eastern Mediterranean, was predicated on friendly relations with Greece. As a further mark of American consideration for the regime, vice-president Spiro Agnew (born Anagnostopoulos), himself of Greek origin, visited Greece in 1971. Other influential American visitors included General Andrew Goodpaster, the commander of NATO forces in Europe, who smilingly posed alongside Papadopoulos in the summer of 1967, the secretaries of defence, Melvin Laird, and of commerce, Maurice Stans. During a visit to Athens in 1971, Stans spoke of his having been asked to convey his "warm love" to the Greek government. This remark was subsequently "clarified" by the American Embasssy to "warmth and confidence". **END** And from the same book, page 197: **START** Early in November [1973] a memorial service for George Papandreou was followed by violent clashes with the police. Some days later students occupied the Athens Polytechnic and university buildings in Salonica and Patras. At first the police adopted noticeably moderate tactics in dealing with the sit-ins. But when it was clear that the students were attracting widespread sympathy, and when the Athens polytechnic students began broadcasting appeals on a clandestine radio for a worker-student alliance to overthrow the dictatorship, Papadopoulos sent in troops and tanks to crush the students. The eviction of the students from the Athens Polytechnic was carried out with extreme brutality, and at least 34 students and others were killed, several hundred wounded and almost a thousand arrested. This ruthless demonstration of force in the centre of Athens caused widespread revulsion. Martial law was reimposed and Papadopoulos declared his intention of proceeding with the planned elections. Within a matter of days, however, was deposed on 25 November 1973, in a bloodless [counter-]coup, mounted by the army, with the support of air-force and naval units. His successors justified their counter-coup on the ground that he had deviated from the principles of the "Revolution of 21 April 1967" and was leading the country towards an electoral adventure. Lieutenant-General Phaedon Gizikis was installed as president and a new civilian government, headed by Adamantios Androutsopoulos, was formed. It was clear that from the outset the real power of the regime lay in the hands of the prime mover of the coup, Brigadier Dimitrios Ioannidis, the commander of the military police (ESA), which had acquired a fearsome reputation for its brutality towards the regime's opponents. **END** And according to the book "I Should Have Died" by Philip Deane (Atheneum, New York, 1977), Adamantios Androutsopoulos came to Greece after the Second World War as an official employee of the CIA, and often boasted of this fact. (See page 134). The text below has been translated from an article which appeared in the Greek newspaper "Ta Nea" on the 22nd of January 2001. Only the first paragraph of that article is shown. A pre-publication from the book: "Italy, the Greek Student Movement and the Anti-Dictatorship Struggle" [Greek] Junta Trained Italian [Neo-Fascist] Terrorists TA NEA Page: N12 Monday, 22nd January, 2001 Article code: A16949N121 http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/neaweb/nsearch.print_unique?entypo=A&f=16949&m=N12&aa=1 The connections of the Greek junta and Greek secret service agency KYP with Italian secret services, the training of neo-fascist terrorists in Greece during the [Greek] dictatorship period, and their common actions in destabilisation operations in neighbouring Italy during the years in which the Italian Left showed astonishing expansion, are contained in the chapters of a voluminous file. The Italian justice [department] and research committees of the Italian Senate and Parliament are still studying it. Similarly, the sinister role of Italian and Greek fascists, and their close connections from the years when they were training each other in [the Greek island of] Corfu or in Italian cities, have their own "history". The former, played a leading part in provocation operations in Italy, which, as a "premiere", shocked the country with the massacre they organised at the Bank of Milan, on December 12th, 1969. The latter, led infiltration operations against leftists and progressive-democratic parties in Greece. <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/";>www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance�not soap-boxing�please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. 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