-Caveat Lector- Up until now we have only looked at the use of the German scientists in chemical and biological warfare. But in 1949 the work at Edgewood shifted focus and began looking at psychochemicals beginning with LSD in an effort to find the perfect truth serum. The key sources of information were from those that had worked at I.G. Farben. Some were imprisoned but they were released temporary to work for the Army Chemical Corps. This was the very birth of a much larger CIA operation that became known as MK Ultra. The original operation was Bluebird, which then evolved first into Artichoke before becoming MK-Ultra. Unfortunately CIA Director Richard Helms ordered the CIA records of MK-Ultra destroyed in 1973. Remaining records suggest hundreds if not thousands of people were used as test subjects and involved the collaboration with several universities, mental hospitals, prisons and drug rehab centers.106 The experiments were conducted without the test subjects knowledge and resulted in several deaths including that of Frank Olsen. Others have reported being continuing problems from being test subjects. Others attempted suicide of which some were successful. The army's and CIA's response was to cover up the project. But the operation evolved beyond just the military-intelligence community. The CIA enlisted help with MK-Ultra with a host of university collaborators including the Universities of Delaware, Maryland and a host of others.105
Just as the immigration of Nazis and war criminals into the US involved the use of several projects of which Paperclip is the most widely known such is the case of MK-Ultra. There were 149 sub projects under MK-Ultra. The use of drugs for truth serum and for mind control were conducted under a bewildering list of Project or Operations. Below is a short synopsis of some of those projects. "MKDELTA: This was apparently the first project established by the CIA in October, 1952, for the use of biochemicals in clandestine operations. It may never have been implemented operationally. MKULTRA: This was a successor project to MKDELTA established in April, 1953, and terminating some time in the late 1960's probably after 1966. This program considered various means of controlling human behavior. Drugs were only one aspect of this activity. MKNAOMI: This project began in the 1950's and was terminated at least with respect biological projects, in 1969. This may have been a successor to MKDELTA. Its purpose was to stockpile severely incapacitating and lethal materials, and to develop gadgetry for the dissemination of these materials. MKSEARCH: This was apparently a successor project to MKULTRA, which began in 1965 and was terminated in 1973. The objective of the project was to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior in a predictable manner through the use of drugs. MKCHICKWIT: This was apparently a part of the MKSEARCH program. Its objective was to identify new drug developments in Europe and Asia and to obtain information and samples. MKOFTEN: This was also apparently a part of the MKSEARCH project. Its objective was to test the behavioral and toxicological effects of certain drugs on animals and humans."107 STARGATE: Investigated the use of ESP, paranormal, remote viewing military uses of telekinesis type research that was done from an uncertain start date up until 1984.116 Another aspect of MK-Ultra that is not widely known is that it extended beyond the borders of the US. Experiments were also conducted in Canada by Dr. Ewen Cameron at McGill University's Allain Memorial Institute. At least the Canadian government has compensated the test subjects with almost $7 million dollars.108 Another operation under MK-Ultra was Operation Midnight Climax. This operation was ran by the contract agent George Hunter White, a narcotics officer. White hired drug addicted prostitutes to lure customers to a CIA-financed bordello, the customers then given drinks containing LSD. White would then observe the customers through a two-way mirror.109 The following quote will suffice as the final example of th e ethical nature of these experiments. "One particularly odious project was run by Dr Harris Isabel, Director of the Public Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky - a facility specializing in drug abuse. Asked by the CIA to discover a range of 'synthetic' drugs, Isabel began experimenting on captive black inmates. Anxious to please his CIA bosses he daily fed his guinea pigs large doses of LSD, mescaline, marijuana, scopolamine and other substances. In exchange for participating in the experiments, the inmates received injections of high quality morphine, sometimes getting 'shot-up' three times a day, depending on their co-operation. Brought before the Senate subcommittees in 1975, Isabel saw no contradiction in providing hard drugs to the very addicts he was employed to cure. "110 There is one additional area in which Nazi scientists were used in experimentation on human tests subjects by the CIA and the military and that is in the area of radiation. Fortunately there is fairly good documentation as to the extent of these unethical experiments. On January 15, 1994 President Clinton relaxed some of the draconian security measures that prevailed under Reagan and Bush by establishing the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) to investigate unethical experimentation involving radiation. Many of the results of this investigation have been published and they are available on the web at the Department of Energy's site. Once again the investigations show collaboration with a host of universities and research centers. The results also show a selection of test subjects from those least able to defend themselves: the first injection of plutonium was given to a black construction worker, the use of Iodine131 and its relationship to cold weather stress was tested on Eskimos, the feeding of radioactive laced cereals to mentally retarded children.111 It has already been establish how the Nazi-CIA connection affected the relationship between the US and the USSR and how the CIA used Nazis and their collaborators to control the Italian election. What follows is a brief and none exhaustive look at how the Nazi-CIA connection affected the relationship between the US and other nations of the world following WWII in order to see the pattern that emerges. There is no better place to start than the CIA intervention in Iran in 1953. Kermit Roosevelt, grandson of Teddy Roosevelt was the CIA's agent in Iran that installed the Shaw and overthrew Mossadegh. The plans issued by Mossadegh for nationalizing the oil fields precipitated his removal. The reader should understand that Mossadegh had been elected to office. Once the Shaw was in power he was persuaded to name Fazlollah Zaledi as Prime Minister. During WWII Zaledi was imprisoned for collaborating with the Nazis. Once firmly in control Iran completed a contract with an international consortium of oil companies. One member of that consortium was Standard Oil of New Jersey, a client of Sullivan and Cromwell. Jack Anderson reported that the Rockefeller family had helped arranged the coup that brought the Shaw to power. Anderson had listed a number of ways the Shaw demonstrated his appreciation.114 The CIA also provided training for the dreaded Savak or secret police of Iran. Unfortunately there is little documentation over the CIA's intervention here, all the CIA's records concerning the Iranian intervention have been destroyed. The only other sources is Kermit Roosevelt's book and the book published by the Iranians after they ceased the US embassy and along with it thirty years or so of records. The result over the next two decades was the Shaw enriched himself at the expense of his fellow countrymen using the brutal Savak to maintain control. Of course he remained a loyal ally of the US and corporate America such as Standard Oil of New Jersey got pricing breaks. The reader should refer back to the chapter on the 60s for the details and importance of the Shaw in the oil crisis of the 1970s. The reader can now see the pattern, first the legally elected leader purposes reforms or maybe leaning to the left in a move that threatens corporate America. He is then dispelled and replaced with a hard right leader favorable to US interests. The new leader enriches himself at the expense of his fellow countrymen and becomes an ally of the US. He maintains power through brutality and outright murder with a police force trained by the US. This then is the model that the US has followed since WWII, often times in the 1950s ex Nazis were employed as agents.. The US press should be considered a co-conspirator in that they cover up the bloodshed by ignoring the killing as they did in Nicaragua. It is a model that has been repeated time after time in all corners of the globe from the end of WWII to the present time. Noam Chomsky terms the resulting state as subfascist.115 The resulting brutality and looting of the country by a group of elitists proceeds as it did in Germany under the Nazis. The next example is one that didn't go as planed for the CIA. The operation began as early as 1951 in Egypt with Kermit Roosevelt opening secret negotiations with Colonel Gamal Nasser as King Farouk's regime was about to crumble. The young Roosevelt reported back that they had found agreement in several broad areas. Nasser asked for US help in building up Egypt's intelligence and security forces. Dulles turned to Gehlen for help in providing the security training for the Egyptians. And in 1953 former SS officer Otto Skorzeny and about one hundred other Germans advisors were sent to Egypt. Among these "security advisors" was Hermann Lauterbacher, a former SS man and deputy leader of the Hitler Youth and Franz Buensch, a propagandist of Goebbels and veteran of the SS Jewish Affairs office.117 Once the operation was underway Miles Copeland was the CIA agent in charge. The operation soon expanded to another area, the building of rockets. The actual construction of rocket facilities didn't begin until 1959 but by 1961 Israeli Intelligence believed that the Egyptians had as many as one hundred ground to ground missiles. This missile operation was headed by Alois Brunner a top assistant to Eichmann's Final Solution. Evidence suggests there was plans to build a total of 900 missiles and additional evidence that some were to be fitted for chemical or biological weapons. President Kennedy's response to the Israelis in 1962 was to equip Israel with ground to air missiles.118 Of course all of the CIA plotting in Egypt turned to naught when Nasser chose to align Egypt with the Soviet Union. This realignment of Egypt with the Soviet Union was due to inept State Department policies and the double dealing by the Nazi war criminals. The following chapter will examine how the Nazis played both sides of the Cold War like a cheap fiddle. Of course the real losers once again were the Egyptian people and the blame can be placed squarely on the failure of the U.S. denazification program. Fortunately Nasser's government had a brief lifetime and soon after its demise Egypt rejoined the West and booted the Russians out. In 1953 the CIA also intervened in Guatemala, and regarded the action as a success. For what reasons they regarded the operation as success can be only guess at for what followed was a bloody civil war that lasted 36 years. Once again this intervention fits the model perfectly. The legally elected government of Arbenz was reform minded. The center piece of his reforms was land reform. In an overwhelmingly rural nation only 2.2% of the population owned 70% of the land. Prior to the 1944 revolution and ousting of the dictatorship of Ubico, the army was used to rope farm labors together for delivery to low-land farms where they were kept as debt slaves. The expropriation of large uncultivated tracts of land to landless peasants, improvement in the rights of unions and other social reforms were hurting the bottom line of United Fruit. Arbenz even constructed a port on the Atlantic to compete against the port controlled by United Fruit, likewise a public hydro-electric plant was constructed for the same reasons. The position of United Fruit inside Guatemala was essentially one of a country within a country. United Fruit owned the country's telephone and telegraph systems, administered the country's only Atlantic port, monopolized banana exports and a subsidiary owned the rail system. In the US United Fruit had close ties to the Dulles brothers, various state department officials, congressmen and the US Ambassador to the UN. The former CIA Director, Wlater Bedell Smith was seeking an executive position with United Fruit at the same time he was planing the Guatemala coup. He later was named to the board of directors of United Fruit. The first plan to oust Arbenz was given by Truman as a response to Guatemala receiving arms from Czechoslovakia and the implied communism threat but was canceled. After the election of Eisenhower the plan was put into effect. The Guatemala coup also provides and ideal example of how the CIA manipulates the American opinion. After first being tried in Guatemala this technique has been employed throughout South America. It involves the CIA planting an article in the foreign press the article is then picked up by the news wires and newspapers in other countries. Besides the obvious multiplier effect upon the potential audience it has the appearance of an independent world opinion. Incidentally it was the same tactic that Bush tried to use against Clinton in the 1992 election. The immediate after effects of the coup was draconian, within four months 72,000 was labeled as communist, many who were tortured and murdered. It is known that the U.S. Ambassador John Peurifoy had a long list of names of leaders that the successor government was to assassinate.126 Agrarian reform was stopped and the land already expropriated was given back to United Fruit. Union leaders turned up dead. Three quarters of the population was disenfranchised by barring illiterates from the polls and all political parties, unions and peasant organizations were outlawed. For those Americans that were outraged at the seizing of the American Embassy in Tehran, they should consider John Foster Dulles actions. Dulles was concerned that some "communists" might escape by taking refuge in foreign embassies. He insisted that Guatemala arrest those that had taken such refuge and that criminal charges be brought against them, he argued that communists should be automatically denied the right of asylum. On these points Dulles lost, perhaps because the plotters of the coup had sought refuge in embassies one or more times in the past.121 The blood bath and carnage that followed for the next 36 years can only be described as horrific A genocidal war was carried on against the native Indians. Murders, kidnappings and disappearances became widespread and everyday occurrences as right wing death squads roamed the countryside. The report on Guatemala as a first step to reconciliation states that the army is blamed for over 200,000 deaths and disappearances. Below are some extracts from that report: "Of the 42,000 deaths investigated in the report, the army was found to be responsible for 93 percent. Three percent were the work of the leftist Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, and 4 percent were unresolved. The report found that 29,000 of the investigated deaths involved summary executions. Most of the victims were civilians and Mayan Indians, the long-delayed report said. It was originally scheduled to be released last year, but the commission wasn't able to get through all its work and release the report until Thursday. The report also noted that the government of the United States, through various agencies including the CIA, provided direct and indirect support for some state operations." It was "clearly genocide and a planned strategy against the civilian population," said Christian Tomuschat, a German citizen who heads the three-member commission. "Government forces ... blindly pursued the anti-communist fight, without respecting any legal principle or even the most elemental ethical or religious values." In 626 massacres, the report found that government forces "completely exterminated Mayan communities, destroyed their dwellings, livestock and crops." The guerrillas were blamed for 32 such massacres, the report said."122 Guatemala also provides us with the first example of the right wing death squads that have became so much a part of South American politics. Those death squads and the dictators that employ them are products of the CIA-Military intelligence system of the US. They lead directly to the School of the Americas at Fort Benning . Georgia. Recently the seven training manuals have been released under the Freedom of Information Act. The manuals details the use of torture, assassination and other practices that are not acceptable in a democracy. The following is a small excerpt of what can be found inside the manuals. "Throughout the manuals, refugees and displaced persons are highlighted as possible subversives who should be monitored. Universities are described as breeding grounds for terrorists, and priests and nuns are identified as having been involved in terrorist operations. The militaries are advised to infiltrate youth groups, student groups, labor unions, political parties and community organizations. Even electoral activity is suspect: The insurgents "can resort to subverting the government by means of elections in which the insurgents cause the replacement of an unfriendly government official to one favorable to their cause"; "insurgent activity" can include funding campaigns and participating in political races as candidates."123 The reader can find more information and updates on the School of the Americas on line at the SOA Watch site.124 This chapter cannot provide a detail or graphic enough description to cover the brutality in Guatemala and will leave the reader to his own devices to explore that. However in the 1980s another aspect of these CIA interventions emerged, the association of the CIA and right wing death squads and army leaders involved in the drug trade. The following quote illustrates the point. "The killings peaked in the early 1980s, though massacres continued to occur. By 1990, however, the military was no longer just killing for politics. It began killing for greed too. A scramble for drug profits within the Guatemalan military was under way. Guatemala, like Mexico, with which it shares its northern border, was never a major drug transshipment route before the early 1990s, when Colombians established transit operations across the entire northern isthmus. First the Medellin and then the Cali cartel came to Guatemala "because it is near Mexico, which is an obvious entrance point to the U.S., and because the Mexicans have a long-established mafia," said one Colombian drug enforcement official. "It is also a better transit and storage country than El Salvador because it offers more stability and was easier to control." Guatemala's stability and control was achieved through cruelty that was unmatched anywhere in the region. Guatemala's counterinsurgency campaign was far more severe than El Salvador's, for instance. "The idea was to make the innocent pay for the guilty," a former Guatemalan army sergeant from Quiche once told me. The difference was that in El Salvador, military intelligence units might target a handful of young men to kill to ensure that they killed at least one guerrilla, while in Guatemala, military intelligence units frequently killed innocent people like children or seniors to punish an entire village for supporting the guerrillas."125 Chile was another country in which the CIA overthrew the legally elected and popular Salvador Allende, in 1973 in a coup d'état although the Nixon government actively tried to destabilize Allende's government since the 1970 election. Once again corporate America was at the center of it with ITT acting as the conduit to funnel CIA money and arms to the opposition. Other Am erican corporations tied closely with the coup and the resulting dictatorship were Anaconda and Kennecott both copper mining interest and Pepsi. General Augusto Pinochet headed the brutal and repressive regime after the coup. Once again the right wing death squads and the disappearances became commonplace throughout the country as did summary executions and torture. An estimated 50,000 died at the hands of Pinochet. But the right wingers and the CIA hail Pinochet's rule of Chile as an economic miracle. For once in power he installed the boys from Chicago, a group of Chileans educated in economics at the University of Chicago. It may have been an economic miracle for the American corporations but it certainly wasn't for the average Chilean worker. As the Boys from Chicago promptly set about dismantling all social programs and destroying unions. The statistics of this so-called economic miracle are indeed bleak, as the GNP per capita fell from 1972 to 1982 by 6.4 percent.128 Presently Pinochet faces charges of murder in Spain if England will extradite him. But once again we see the model repeated, a legally elected reform minded government is overthrown to be replaced by a brutal right wing dictator, corporate America gets rich at the expense of the native population. In just Guatemala and Chile the body count from the CIA and their puppet regimes total over a quarter million one can add to that another 200,000 in East Timor, and add another half to one million in Indonesia. Now that brings the body count as a result of CIA intervention to one million to 1.5 million in just four countries. Does the reader have anymore questions over the fascist nature of our foreign policy as executed by the CIA? And the body count given so far doesn't include the ones from Korea or Vietnam where the CIA alone in Project Phoenix assassinated between 20,000 and 40,000 people. But the scope of this chapter is limited and the writer will leave it to the reader to look at other countries where the CIA has became involved in covert operations. The reader that starts to actively investigate this are will soon find it easier to list the countries of the world in which the CIA hasn't taken action. Likewise the reader will find that in countries in which the CIA became involved it fits the model as stated previously. Unfortunately our allies were not spared for the meddling of the CIA in their domestic affairs. The CIA meddling in the Italian elections has already been covered, but in 1975 the CIA overturned the legally elected Edward Whitlam. Whitlam was elected in 1972 and soon withdrew Australian troops from Vietnam and ended the Ausie draft, recognized the government of North Vietnam and condemned the Nixon government. In other words he hit the ground running and was off to a good start. Whitlam was a target of James Angleton who was concern over security and intelligence relationships with Australia. On November 11 the Governor-General John Kerr dismissed Witlam as Prime Minister and dissolved both houses of parliament at the urging of the CIA. It was the first time this maneuver had ever been used by the Governor-General to remove a federal prime minister, it has been used only once in the history of Australia at the state level. Japan is another country in which the CIA meddled with domestic politics. The CIA spent millions to support candidates from the conservative, Liberal Democratic Party through the 50s and the 60s. The effort was to prop Japan up as a bulkhead against communist aggression in Asia. As a sideline to the covert financial support the CIA used the operation to gather information on party politics, trade positions and treaty talks. In many of the recent trade talks the US negotiator knew the minimum acceptable terms to the Japanese before beginning the talks.132 In addition to the support of the Liberal Democratic the CIA sabotage and infiltrated the Socialist in an effort to undermine their support. Apparently the covert financial support ended in the 1970s as friction over trade built up. It was already alluded to that the CIA was involved in the manipulation of domestic German politics and its is known that the CIA was involved in French politics and labor movement. In the latter in an effort to undermine the influence of organized labor in much the same manner as the unions were dismantled in Central and South America. One out growth of the CIA's global intervention has been their involvement with the world drug trade. Thanks to the San Jose Mercury investigative reporter Gary Webb this issue has been placed before the American people. Webb's Article entitled Dark Alliance detailed the CIA's involvement with the drug trade in the inner city of the Los Angeles. CIA assets in other major papers soon attacked the article in an effort to discredit it and distance the CIA's long rumored involvement with drugs. The history of the CIA's involvement with dope dealing goes back to at least the Vietnam era and the heroin trade. It is this writer's opinion that the history goes back even further into the 1950s and the CIA's involvement in Iran. At least one other writer traces the CIA drug trade back to the 1940s when Colonel Paul Hellwell of the OSS brought heroin from Burma and sold it in U.S. ghettos.133 Although the CIA's media assets were successful in forcing the Mercury to retract the article and to fire Webb they have not succeeded in disproving the charges. For one reason there is far more than just the Dark Alliance article in detailing the connection between the CIA and drugs. To fully discredit the article they would need to discredit congressional testimony as well. The first inkling of the CIA drug connection came about on March 18, 1982 when the CIA's Inspector General, Fred Hitz admitted before a co ngressional committee that the CIA maintained relationships with companies and individuals that the CIA knew to be involved in the drug trade. Even more damaging He informed the congressional committee that the CIA had requested and had received approval from Reagan's Justice Department clearance not to report any knowledge of drug dealing by CIA assets.134 The entire cover up of the Iran/Contra/COCAINE scandal has finally been fully and undeniably established by the release of the Volume Two of CIA Inspector General's Drug Report on October 8, 1998. The released was timed in such a manner to effectively muzzle congressional and public outrage. Just one hour before the release of this report the congress had voted to hold impeachment proceedings against President Clinton. The report had been available since spring and is essentially a confession by CIA that it engaged in a conspiracy to protect known narcotics traffickers throughout the Contra war years. The New York Times in an apparent confirmation of the Dark Alliance article picked a paragraph from the report that acknowledged that the Contra leaders in California specifically planned to use drug money for the Contras. The LA Times one of the most vicious critics of the Dark Alliance story has failed to print a single line over the newly released report. The report confirms the conspiratorial negotiations between the Justice Department and the CIA by first having agents, assets and contractors removed from their classification as employees in a move to remove the responsibly of reporting drug dealing to congress or anyone else. Thus confirming the earlier mentioned testimony of Hitz. In another portion of the report a memorandum written by DCI Robert Gates setting down a no nonsense policy against dealing with drug traffickers was described. The problem with the memorandum was, it wasn't distributed for 15 years.135 One final note on the CIA with the demise of the former USSR what role will the CIA play in the future? One role that the CIA has engaged in the past and is likely to emerge is that of economic espionage. It was previously mentioned of that role in the Japanese trade talks; it was also a factor in the GATT talks. The CIA contends that the French have moles in such corporations as Boeing and have launched a counter attack. But this economic espionage is a source of tension with our allies. France has expelled two CIA agents for an attempt to bribe officials of the state telephone company for information that would allow them to tap the phones lines. Its also has became an issue with the Japanese. In effect allowing the CIA for economic espionage is just another step towards fascism and corporate rule. In a summary of this chapter the reader should remember one thing. At the end of the Second World War the US had the chance to grab the brass ring of liberty and present it to the world as a gift. Instead lead by a small cabal of Wall Street sharks and rich industrialists we were plunged into a cesspool of repression and became the spawning grounds for the fourth Reich. From earlier chapters it was shown that fascism was the end product of a capitalistic society that government failures are started by midlevel officials And finally for any revolution to be successful it requires the control over the 3Ms: the military, the media and money. This chapter has established the relationship between the CIA and money in the form of a revolving door between Wall Street and the CIA and the manipulation of the free press by the CIA as well as its close ties to Nazi war criminals. In short the CIA is a danger to the future liberty of not only US citizens but to the world. Its an agency that has served its purposes and needs to be broken into a thousand pieces and scattered to the winds as JFK threaten to do after his reelection. A final note before closing Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy wants to expand the role of the Justice Department's Special Investigations to pursue not only Nazi war criminals but to include human right offenders or war criminals from other countries such as Haiti, Somalia, and the former Yugoslavia. He stated that: " I just do not want the United States to be seen as a safe haven for these war criminals." 137And given the record of the CIA concerning the Nazis there is a definite need. 1. The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA, Burton Hersh, Macmillan Publishing, 1992, p87. 2. The Old Boys, p378-379 3. The Belarus Secret, John Loftus, Alfred Knopf, 1982, p82. 4. The Secret War Against The Jews, John Loftus, Mark Aarons, St Martin's Griffin, 1994,, p221. 5. http://parascope.com/articles/1196/nazis.htm 6. The Secret War Against The Jews, John Loftus, Mark Aarons, St Martin's Griffin, 1994. 7. The Secret War, p20-21. 8. The Old Boys, p430-431. 9. "Washington D.C.: A key document in the history of covert warfare, the CIA's own internal investigation into the April 1961debacle at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba, was made public today. The top secret 150-page report, officially know n as "The Inspector General's Survey of the Cuban Operation," castigates the Agency for misinforming Kennedy administration officials, bad planning, inadequate intelligence, treating rebel leaders as "puppets," and conducting an overt military operation beyond "Agency responsibility as well as Agency capability." This quote taken from a web site containing the report at http://www.seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive/news/19980222.htm 10.http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/~gpieters/texaco.html 11. The Secret War, p56. 12. The Splendid Blond Beast: Money, Law and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, Christopher Simpson, Grove Press, 1993, p34. 13. The Secret War, p358-361. 14. The Spledid Blonde Beast, p103. 15. The Secret War, p256, p301. 16. The Splendid Blonde Beast, p50-51. 17. The Splendid Blonde Beast, p64. 18. http://www.bea.gov 19.The Splendid Blonde Beast, p68. 20. The Splendid Blonde Beast, p 169-272. 21. The Secret War, p56. 22. The Secret War, p60-64. 23. The Secret War, p73-76 24. The Splendid Blonde Beast, p205. 25. The Splendid Blonde Beast, p218. 26. The Secret War, p79. 27. The Secret War, p84. 28. Unholy Trinity, Mark Aarons & John Loftus, St Martin's Griffin, 1991 29. Unholy Trinity, p296. 30. Unholy Trinity, p234. 31. The Secret War, p100-101. 32. http://www.forbes.com 33. The Secret War, p101. 34. The Secret War, p110. 35. http://www.jewishsf.com/bk980814/usbill.htm 36. http://remembering.org/ideas/pensions.html 37. http://secretary.state.org/www/briefings/statements/970812a.html 38. U.S. Moves to Deport Indiana Man for Helping Nazis, Michael Sniffer, AP wire 10/29/98. 39. 5 U.S. Banks are Named in Report on Nazi Looting of Assets of Jews in France, AP wire, 2/3/1999. 40. http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/nw-srv/issue/24_98b/printed/int/eur/ovbz032 4_2.htm 41. The Secret War, p165-167. 42. The Coors Connection, Russ Bellant, South End Press, 1991, p31. 43. Old Nazis, the New Rught and the Republican Party, Russ Bellant, South End Press, 1991, p5-6. 44. Wanted The Search for nazis in America, Howard Blum, New York Times Book Co, 1977, p117-121. 45. The War Lords Of Washington ,Bruce Catton, Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1948, p244. 46. The Secret War, p244-245. 47. The War Lords, p286. 48. Blowback, Christopher Simpson,Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988, p47. 49. Blowback, p90-93 50. Blowback, p7. 51. Blowback, p115 52. Blowback, p138-142. 53. http://www.codoh.com/newsdesk/971107.HTML 54. http://www.consortiumnews.com/consor32.html 55. The Belarus Secret, p71. 56. The Belarus Secret, p88. 57. The Belarus Secret, p24-27 58. Wanted The Search for Nazis, p12-17. 59. Unholy Trinity, p271 60. Blowback, p232-235. 61. The Belarus Secret, p136. 62. The Belarus Secret, p139-141. 63. Blowback, p96-101. 64. Blowback, p112-115. 65. Blowback, p125-128. 66. Blowback, p138-144. 67. ABCNEWS.COM, Vatican Linked to Nazi Gold 68. Newsweek.COM, Dirty Business 69. Blowback, p228. 70. http://www.jfkconnections.com/cia.htm 71. Blowback, p156-157. 72. The Belarus Secret, p141. 73. The Puzzle Palace, James Bamford, Penguin Books, 1982, p119. 74. http://site03415.primehost.com/articles/0997/ciamedia.htm 75. Secrets: The CIA War at Home, Angus Mackenzie, University of California Press, 1997, p66-72. 76. Secrets, p92-102 77. Secrets, p147-149. 78. Secrets, p157-158. 79. Blowback, p202-203. 80. Blowback, p112-123. 81. Blowback, p210. 82. Blowback 210-215. 83. Secrets, p83. 84. The Belarus Secret, p82. 85. http://www.thegrid.net/clear/cia.htm 86. Secret Agendas, Linda Hunt, St. Martin's Press, 1991, p125-128. 87. Secret Agenda, p130-133. 88. Secret Agenda, p139-142. 89. Secret Agenda, p193. 90. Secret Agenda, p171-174. 91. Secret Agenda, p175-177. 92. Secret Agenda, p178-179. 93. Secret Agenda, p179-180. 94. Secret Agenda, p184. 95. Secret Agenda, p3. 96. Secret Agenda, p9-10. 97. Secret Agenda, p25. 98. Secret Agenda, p33. 99. Secret Agenda, p36-39. 100. Secret Agenda, p41-51. 101.The Puzzle Palace., p308-309. 102. Papers Suggest US Ignored early reports of Nazi killings, The Sunday Oregonian, Aug 1, 1999. 103. The Puzzle Palace, p375. 104. Secret Agenda, p230-231. 105. Secret Agenda, p162-174. 106. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~alb/misc/mindControlDenial.html 107. http://www.mk.net/~stratus/mk1977.htm 108. http://www.netti.fi/~makako/mind/mkultra.txt 109. http://www.historyhouse.com/stories/lsd.htm 110. http://www.pufori.org/articles/mk_ultra.htm 111. http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/report.html 112. The reader should be aware that throughout the 1950s even the name National Security Agency was classified as top secret. The reader should also be aware that the NSA is the largest of the US intelligence agencies and is mostly exempt from domestic spying and of the Freedom of Information Act. Even today its founding document is still a closely guarded secret. Its main mission is the interception of all forms of electronic communication both domestic and foreign. If the reader wishes to look closer at the NSA, a good beginning would be The Puzzle Palace. 113. The Secret War, p155-157. 114. Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Intervention Since WWII, William Blum, Common Courage Press, 1995, p64-72. 115. The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism, Noam Chomsky, South End Press, 1979. 116. http://www.mk.net/~mcf/ckln01.htm 117. Blowback, p250-251. 118. Secret War, p257-258. 119. http://www.wiesenthal.com/response/outrage.html 120. http://webusers.anet-stl.com/~civil/docs-militarycomplexeisenhower1961.htm 121. Killing Hope, p72-83. 122. http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/guatemala/1999/anzueto0226.html 123. http://www.igc.apc.org/lawg/soafull.html 124. http://www.soaw.org/ 125. http://fhrg.org/trafic.htm 126. http://www.consortiumnews.com/archive/story37.html 127. http://www.worldmedia.com/caq/articles/gladio.html 128. http://www.lakota.clara.net/myths/economy.html 129. Friendly Fascism, Bertram Gross, South End Press, 1980. 130. Trading With the Enemy, Charles Higham, Barnes & Noble, 1983, p162-166. 131. Facts and Fascism, p262. 132. . http://forums.nytimes.com/library/national/cia-invismain.html 133. http://www.ionet.net/~everett/CIADRUGS.html 134. http://www.all-natural.com/whiteout.html 135. http://www.copvcia.com/volii.htm 136. http://www.thegrid.net/clear/cia.htm#lsd 137. Boston Globe, Leahy wants US anti Nazi unit to eye other alleged war criminals, Steve Fainaru, 7/17/99. 138. Spooks, Jim Hougan, William Morrow, 1978, p424-430. 139. The Warfare State, Fred Cook, Collier, 1962, p76-77. 140. The Warfae State, p 110. 141. The Warfae State, p 124. ===== ----- Aloha, He'Ping, Om, Shalom, Salaam. Em Hotep, Peace Be, All My Relations. Omnia Bona Bonis, Adieu, Adios, Aloha. Amen. Roads End <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/";>www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! 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