-Caveat Lector-

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Yep, the goverment is THE expert at protecting us. Just ask the 10 victims.

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When Just One Gun Is Enough

October 27, 2002
By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN




WASHINGTON


ATOMIZED cells. Leaderless revolutionaries. Soft targets.
After Sept. 11, these were the dangers intelligence
officials warned us about.

The sniper case amplifies them all.

These days, it is
increasingly difficult to figure out who is a terrorist -
or what that even means. Terror - as opposed to terrorism -
may be inflicted by any loner with a vague political
grievance and a gun. John Allen Muhammad, the prime suspect
in a string of killings around the Washington area, is the
perfect enigma.

The police say he seems to have been driven by split
motivations, a mix of ideology and rage. Mr. Muhammad, a
Muslim convert, sympathized with Al Qaeda and was angry at
America, acquaintances said, but he also had serious
personal problems that may have set him off. In the end,
one motive may have been much more mundane: money. The
police say that a note left at a shooting scene included a
demand for $10 million.

"That doesn't make it easy to put him in a box," said Bruce
Hoffman, a counterterrorism expert at the Rand Corporation.
"We're uncomfortable classifying people who don't belong to
terrorist groups as terrorists. But we're learning that the
lines between terrorists, serial killers and psychopaths
don't really exist anymore."

When the killings first began, government officials,
including the national security adviser, Condoleezza Rice,
played down the possibility of a terrorist link. But the
federal government responded as if there was one. The
Pentagon sent a spy plane. The C.I.A. lent its
explosives-sniffing canine units. The F.B.I. and the Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms committed a total of 800
employees to the investigation. Terrorist fears peaked when
a witness, later found to be lying, said the shooter had
olive skin.

"Imagine if this had happened before Sept. 11," said Neil
Livingstone, chief executive of Global Options, a security
firm based in Washington. "Would you have had this ongoing
conversation about a terrorist on the loose? I doubt it."

In intelligence speak, the sniper victims were soft
targets. Mother, father, son, cab driver, bus driver,
analyst. The victims were chosen at random; they were shot
in front of a Home Depot, a park bench, a bus stop.

It took three weeks and 10 deaths to catch one man,
possibly aided by a 17-year-old, armed with no more than a
rifle and a fistful of bullets, in a part of the country
with the highest concentration of police, military and
counterterrorism forces.

The hunt for the killer exposed what can and cannot be done
to prevent terrorism. The government can fortify
high-profile, so-called hard targets like the White House
and the airports, but what can it do to protect a Ponderosa
Steakhouse?

"Not much," said Larry Johnson, a former C.I.A.
anti-terrorism analyst. "There are certain vulnerabilities
you can't prevent. It's like getting on a bus in Israel:
you pay your money, you step on board, you take your
chance."

In any case, police experts insist that combating terrorism
requires different strategies. "It's a different battle,"
said John Timoney, a former Philadelphia police
commissioner. "The best way to fight terrorism is to gather
intelligence. The best way to stop a serial killer is to
apprehend him."

BUT it's not easy to define terrorism. Terrorists have a
cause. That's the most common way to think of it. But Dr.
Hoffman said it is better to see cause, or ideology, as
falling along a spectrum, with the archetypal serial killer
on one end and archetypal terrorist on the other. Ted
Bundy, who murdered brunette women for sport, is at one
point along the spectrum. Further down would be Theodore
Kaczynski, the Unabomber, who struck out at technology, and
Timothy McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber who saw himself
as the first hero of the second American revolution.

"The problem today is that there are more and more people
who pick up ideas and go off on their own and do them," Dr.
Hoffman said. "They are freelance killers."

Dr. Hoffman and others worry that the biggest fallout from
the sniper attacks is a note of encouragement. No matter
that Mr. Muhammad and John Lee Malvo, his alleged
accomplice, were eventually arrested, actually sleeping
alongside the road.

The message survived. Leaderless revolutionaries, one-man
armies, lone wolves angry at the world: you don't need a
plane or a bomb to terrorize America. Just one gun.

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/27/weekinreview/27GETT.html?ex=1036723652&ei=1&en=23c40497b5600c8f



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