-Caveat Lector-
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A27482-
2002Nov8.html
The Associated Press
Friday, November 8, 2002; 10:28 AM
UNITED NATIONS –– The Security Council unanimously approved
a tough new Iraq resolution Friday, forcing Saddam Hussein to
disarm or face "serious consequences" that would almost certainly
mean war.
The vote came after eight weeks of tumultous negotiations and was
seen as a victory for the United States, which drafted the resolution
together with Britain.
The broad support sends a strong message to Baghdad that the
Security Council – divided for years over Iraq – expects full
compliance with all U.N. resolutions.
"Iraq has a new opportunity to comply with all these relevent
resolutions of the Security Council. I urge the Iraqi leadership for
sake of its own people...to seize this opportunity and thereby begin
to end the isolation and suffering of the Iraqi people," said U.N.
Secretary General Kofi Annan.
A breakthrough in negotiations came Thursday when France and
the United States reached a critical agreement to address French
concerns that the resolution could automatically trigger an attack on
Iraq.
President Bush, who spurred the council to action with a Sept. 12
speech to the U.N. General Assembly, said it was up to Saddam to
cooperate with inspectors.
"When this resolution passes, I will be able to say that the United
Nations has recognized the threat and now we're going to work
together to disarm him," Bush said Thursday. "And he must be
cooperative in the disarmament."
Chief U.N. weapons inspector, Hans Blix, was preparing to send an
advance team to Iraq within two weeks, after a nearly four-year
absence.
While the United States made some major concessions to critics,
the final draft still meets the Bush administration's key demands:
toughening U.N. weapons inspections and leaving the United States
free to take military action against Iraq if inspectors say Baghdad
isn't complying.
At the same time, it gives Saddam "a final opportunity" to cooperate
with weapons inspectors, holds out the possibility of lifting 12-year-
old sanctions imposed after Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait, and
reaffirms the country's sovereignty.
Washington and London spent eight weeks trying to get all 15
Security Council members to approve the resolution to send a
united message to Saddam.
But Syria, Iraq's Arab neighbor, had been out of reach until Friday.
Syria had wanted the vote delayed until after an Arab foreign
ministers meeting in Cairo this weekend. But the United States won
in the end, convincing the council to vote Friday.
Russia too had remained a holdout, but only in an effort to obtain
U.S. concessions.
Russia is Iraq's closest ally on the council.
The United States had tweaked its draft several times to account for
French and Russian concerns over hidden triggers that could
automatically launch an attack on Iraq.
In a key provision that would declare Iraq in "material breach" of its
U.N. obligations, the United States changed wording that would
have let Washington determine on its own whether Iraq had
committed an infraction.
The new wording requires U.N. weapons inspectors to make an
assessment of any Iraqi violations.
Iraqi state media called the draft resolution a pretext for war and
urged the Security Council Thursday not to bow to American
demands.
"America wants to use this resolution as a pretext and a cover for its
aggression on Iraq and the whole Arab nation," the ruling Baath
Party newspaper Al-Thawra said Thursday.
According to a strict timeline in the resolution, Iraq would have
seven days to accept the resolution's terms and 30 days to declare
all its chemical, biological and nuclear programs. Blix, the chief
weapons inspector, said Iraq might have difficulty making a
declaration of its large petrochemical industry in that time, but the
United States decided against giving Baghdad more time.
Blix has said an advance team of inspectors would be on the ground
within 10 days. Inspectors would have up to 45 days to actually
begin work, and must report to the council 60 days later on Iraq's
performance. Inspectors will have "unconditional and unrestricted
access" to all sites, including eight presidential compounds where
surprise inspections have been barred.
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