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Copyright 2001 Chattanooga Publishing Company
 Plane crisis could launch Web site attacks on U.S.

Chattanooga Times / Chattanooga Free Press
April 4, 2001, Wednesday

WASHINGTON -- After America accidentally bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 
1999, Chinese hackers launched hundreds of attacks on U.S. Web sites and infiltrated 
at least four government Internet sites.

As Chinese animosity against the United States again flares on the Internet over the 
ongoing American spy plane incident, computer security and Pentagon experts say the 
United States could encounter a similar wave if the situation isn't defused soon.

"We have seen an increase in hacking in times of crisis," said Ari Schwartz, senior 
policy analyst at the Center for Democracy and Technology. "It's a microcosm of a 
larger debate, a way for individuals to get involved in the crisis."

So far, no sizable uptick in Web site intrusions or e-mail spamming has been 
registered by companies or agencies that monitor such cyber-events.

But Chinese Internet chat rooms and other sites are seething over U.S. refusal to 
apologize for the collision between a U.S. Navy EP-3 surveillance plane and a Chinese 
F-8 fighter that occurred Sunday over the South China Sea.

The plane and crew remained Tuesday on China's Hainan Island, and President Bush 
reiterated his demand that the crew and craft be released immediately.

"We should not return the plane. Then let's see what they can do about it," one angry 
Chinese Internet message said. "We are not Yugoslavia."

In May 1999, after a U.S. guided missile struck the Chinese embassy during NATO's 
bombing of Belgrade during the Kosovo crisis, Chinese hackers broke into an estimated 
1,000 U.S. civilian Web sites during the first two days after the accidental attack, 
according to security experts.

Hackers traced to China also infiltrated at least four U.S. government sites, 
including the Energy and Interior departments' Web sites, the U.S. Embassy site in 
Beijing and the U.S. Naval Communications Command.

The hackers planted messages condemning the bombing and otherwise lambasting America. 
The Energy site was shut down for a day as a result and the others were disrupted 
temporarily.

Security experts noted that these attacks, along with widespread e-mail spamming, 
amounted to a nuisance rather than a security breach. No classified Internet sites 
were reported invaded.

Of more significance was a coordinated attack by Chinese hackers on NATO computers.

"They came at us daily, hell-bent on taking down NATO networks," Lt. Gen. William 
Donahue, commander of the Air Force Communications and Information Center, said at the 
time.

Some in the Chinese leadership have embraced the use of cyber-war tactics by 
militarily weaker countries against their stronger opponents, viewing electronic 
warfare as a way to level the battlefield.

In the months after the NATO embassy bombing, the Liberation Army Daily -- a 
mouthpiece for China's Peoples Liberation Army -- called for the recruitment of 
civilian hackers and training of army soldiers in cyber-tactics.

More recently, followers of China's outlawed Falun Gong sect have accused the Chinese 
government of sabotaging or crashing U.S., Canadian and British Web sites maintained 
by sect followers.



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