https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=newlib-cygwin.git;h=f4d1a5e5b8b412dc1df0d9e895bb519b12ad8630
commit f4d1a5e5b8b412dc1df0d9e895bb519b12ad8630 Author: Ludovic Courtès <l...@gnu.org> Date: Mon May 5 17:33:16 2014 +0200 PR external/{16327,16328}: Remove etc/configure.texi and etc/standards.texi. etc/ChangeLog 2014-06-27 Ludovic Courtès <l...@gnu.org> PR external/16327 PR external/16328 * Makefile.in (MAKEINFO, TEXI2DVI, TEXI2PDF, TEXI2HTML, DVIPS) (TEXIDIR, INFOFILES, DVIFILES, PDFFILES, HTMLFILES): Remove. (all): Remove dependency on 'info'. (install): Remove dependency on 'install-info'. (standards.info, standards.html, standards.dvi, standards.ps) (standards.pdf, configure.info, configure.dvi, configure.ps) (configure.pdf, configure.pdf): Remove. (info, install-info, html, install-html, dvi, pdf, install-pdf) clean, maintainer-clean, realclean): Remove body. * etc/configbuild.ein, etc/configbuild.fig, etc/configbuild.jin, etc/configbuild.tin, etc/configdev.ein, etc/configdev.fig, etc/configdev.jin, etc/configdev.tin, etc/configure.texi, etc/fdl.texi, etc/gnu-oids.texi, etc/make-stds.texi, etc/standards.texi: Remove. Diff: --- etc/ChangeLog | 19 + etc/Makefile.in | 182 +-- etc/configbuild.ein | 149 -- etc/configbuild.fig | 50 - etc/configbuild.jin | Bin 11123 -> 0 bytes etc/configbuild.tin | 9 - etc/configdev.ein | 185 --- etc/configdev.fig | 80 - etc/configdev.jin | Bin 17967 -> 0 bytes etc/configdev.tin | 17 - etc/configure.texi | 2646 -------------------------------- etc/fdl.texi | 505 ------ etc/gnu-oids.texi | 52 - etc/make-stds.texi | 1135 -------------- etc/standards.texi | 4235 --------------------------------------------------- 15 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 9241 deletions(-) diff --git a/etc/ChangeLog b/etc/ChangeLog index d3b6a0b..516e6a9 100644 --- a/etc/ChangeLog +++ b/etc/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,22 @@ +2014-06-27 Ludovic Courtès <l...@gnu.org> + + PR external/16327 + PR external/16328 + * Makefile.in (MAKEINFO, TEXI2DVI, TEXI2PDF, TEXI2HTML, DVIPS) + (TEXIDIR, INFOFILES, DVIFILES, PDFFILES, HTMLFILES): Remove. + (all): Remove dependency on 'info'. + (install): Remove dependency on 'install-info'. + (standards.info, standards.html, standards.dvi, standards.ps) + (standards.pdf, configure.info, configure.dvi, configure.ps) + (configure.pdf, configure.pdf): Remove. + (info, install-info, html, install-html, dvi, pdf, install-pdf) + clean, maintainer-clean, realclean): Remove body. + * etc/configbuild.ein, etc/configbuild.fig, etc/configbuild.jin, + etc/configbuild.tin, etc/configdev.ein, etc/configdev.fig, + etc/configdev.jin, etc/configdev.tin, etc/configure.texi, + etc/fdl.texi, etc/gnu-oids.texi, etc/make-stds.texi, + etc/standards.texi: Remove. + 2010-11-20 Ralf Wildenhues <ralf.wildenh...@gmx.de> * Makefile.in (install-strip): New target. diff --git a/etc/Makefile.in b/etc/Makefile.in index 0d19c13..4aa64c1 100644 --- a/etc/Makefile.in +++ b/etc/Makefile.in @@ -37,187 +37,12 @@ INSTALL = @INSTALL@ INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@ -MAKEINFO = `if [ -f ../texinfo/makeinfo/makeinfo ]; \ - then echo ../texinfo/makeinfo/makeinfo; \ - else echo makeinfo; fi` -TEXI2DVI = `if [ -f ../texinfo/util/texi2dvi ]; \ - then echo ../texinfo/util/texi2dvi; \ - else echo texi2dvi; fi` -TEXI2PDF = `if [ -f ../texinfo/util/texi2dvi ]; \ - then echo "../texinfo/util/texi2dvi --pdf"; \ - else echo "texi2dvi --pdf"; fi` -TEXI2HTML = `if [ -f ../texinfo/makeinfo/makeinfo ]; \ - then echo "../texinfo/makeinfo/makeinfo --html"; \ - else echo "makeinfo --html"; fi` - -DVIPS = dvips - -# Where to find texinfo.tex to format documentation with TeX. -TEXIDIR = $(srcdir)/../texinfo - #### Host, target, and site specific Makefile fragments come in here. ### -INFOFILES = standards.info configure.info -DVIFILES = standards.dvi configure.dvi -PDFFILES = standards.pdf configure.pdf -HTMLFILES = standards.html configure.html - -all: info -install install-strip: install-info - -uninstall: - -info: - for f in $(INFOFILES); do \ - if test -f $(srcdir)/`echo $$f | sed -e 's/.info$$/.texi/'`; then \ - if $(MAKE) "MAKEINFO=$(MAKEINFO)" $$f; then \ - true; \ - else \ - exit 1; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - -install-info: info - $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) - if test ! -f standards.info; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f standards.info; then \ - for i in standards.info*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - if test ! -f configure.info; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f configure.info; then \ - for i in configure.info*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - -html: - for f in $(HTMLFILES); do \ - if test -f $(srcdir)/`echo $$f | sed -e 's/.html$$/.texi/'`; then \ - if $(MAKE) "TEXI2HTML=$(TEXI2HTML)" $$f; then \ - true; \ - else \ - exit 1; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - -install-html: html - $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) - if test ! -f standards.html; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f standards.html; then \ - for i in standards.html*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - if test ! -f configure.html; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f configure.html; then \ - for i in configure.html*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - -dvi: - for f in $(DVIFILES); do \ - if test -f $(srcdir)/`echo $$f | sed -e 's/.dvi$$/.texi/'`; then \ - if $(MAKE) "TEXI2DVI=$(TEXI2DVI)" $$f; then \ - true; \ - else \ - exit 1; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - -pdf: - for f in $(PDFFILES); do \ - if test -f $(srcdir)/`echo $$f | sed -e 's/.pdf$$/.texi/'`; then \ - if $(MAKE) "TEXI2PDF=$(TEXI2PDF)" $$f; then \ - true; \ - else \ - exit 1; \ - fi; \ - fi; \ - done - -install-pdf: pdf - $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/../mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/etc - if test ! -f standards.pdf; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f standards.pdf; then \ - for i in standards.pdf*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/etc/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - if test ! -f configure.pdf; then cd $(srcdir); fi; \ - if test -f configure.pdf; then \ - for i in configure.pdf*; do \ - $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(DESTDIR)$(pdfdir)/etc/$$i; \ - done; \ - fi - -standards.info: $(srcdir)/standards.texi $(srcdir)/make-stds.texi - $(MAKEINFO) --no-split -I$(srcdir) -o standards.info $(srcdir)/standards.texi - -standards.html: $(srcdir)/standards.texi $(srcdir)/make-stds.texi - $(TEXI2HTML) --no-split -I$(srcdir) -o standards.html $(srcdir)/standards.texi - -standards.dvi: $(srcdir)/standards.texi - TEXINPUTS=$(TEXIDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/standards.texi - -standards.ps: standards.dvi - $(DVIPS) standards.dvi -o standards.ps - -standards.pdf: $(srcdir)/standards.texi - TEXINPUTS=$(TEXIDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2PDF) $(srcdir)/standards.texi - -# makeinfo requires images to be in the current directory. -configure.info: $(srcdir)/configure.texi $(srcdir)/configdev.tin $(srcdir)/configbuild.tin - rm -f configdev.txt configbuild.txt - cp $(srcdir)/configdev.tin configdev.txt - cp $(srcdir)/configbuild.tin configbuild.txt - $(MAKEINFO) -I$(srcdir) -o configure.info $(srcdir)/configure.texi - rm -f configdev.txt configbuild.txt - -# texi2dvi wants both the .txt and the .eps files. -configure.dvi: $(srcdir)/configure.texi $(srcdir)/configdev.tin $(srcdir)/configbuild.tin $(srcdir)/configdev.ein $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein - rm -f configdev.txt configbuild.txt - cp $(srcdir)/configdev.tin configdev.txt - cp $(srcdir)/configbuild.tin configbuild.txt - rm -f configdev.eps configbuild.eps - cp $(srcdir)/configdev.ein configdev.eps - cp $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein configbuild.eps - TEXINPUTS=$(TEXIDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/configure.texi - rm -f configdev.txt configbuild.txt - rm -f configdev.eps configbuild.eps - -# dvips requires images to be in the current directory -configure.ps: configure.dvi $(srcdir)/configdev.ein $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein - rm -f configdev.eps configbuild.eps - cp $(srcdir)/configdev.ein configdev.eps - cp $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein configbuild.eps - $(DVIPS) configure.dvi -o configure.ps - rm -f configdev.eps configbuild.eps - -configure.pdf: $(srcdir)/configure.texi $(srcdir)/configdev.tin $(srcdir)/configbuild.tin $(srcdir)/configdev.ein $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein - rm -f configdev.pdf configbuild.pdf - epstopdf $(srcdir)/configdev.ein -outfile=configdev.pdf - epstopdf $(srcdir)/configbuild.ein -outfile=configbuild.pdf - TEXINPUTS=$(TEXIDIR):$$TEXINPUTS $(TEXI2PDF) $(srcdir)/configure.texi - rm -f configdev.pdf configbuild.pdf - -configure.html: $(srcdir)/configure.texi - cp $(srcdir)/configdev.jin configdev.jpg - cp $(srcdir)/configbuild.jin configbuild.jpg - $(TEXI2HTML) --no-split -I$(srcdir) -o configure.html $(srcdir)/configure.texi +all: clean: - rm -f *.aux *.cp *.cps *.dvi *.fn *.fns *.ky *.kys *.log - rm -f *.pg *.pgs *.toc *.tp *.tps *.vr *.vrs - rm -f configdev.txt configbuild.txt - rm -f configdev.eps configbuild.eps - rm -f configdev.jpg configbuild.jpg mostlyclean: clean @@ -225,8 +50,6 @@ distclean: clean rm -f Makefile config.status config.cache maintainer-clean realclean: distclean - rm -f *.html* - rm -f *.info* Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(host_makefile_frag) $(target_makefile_frag) \ config.status @@ -244,5 +67,8 @@ config.status: $(srcdir)/configure ## these last targets are for standards.texi conformance dist: check: +info html dvi ps pdf: +install install-strip install-info install-html install-pdf: installcheck: +uninstall: TAGS: diff --git a/etc/configbuild.ein b/etc/configbuild.ein deleted file mode 100644 index 7a0e214..0000000 --- a/etc/configbuild.ein +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 -%%Title: configbuild.fig -%%Creator: fig2dev Version 3.1 Patchlevel 1 -%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 12 20:13:16 1998 -%%For: i...@tito.cygnus.com (Ian Lance Taylor) -%%Orientation: Portrait -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 322 173 -%%Pages: 0 -%%BeginSetup -%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize Letter -%%EndSetup -%%EndComments -/$F2psDict 200 dict def -$F2psDict begin -$F2psDict /mtrx matrix put -/col-1 {} def -/col0 {0.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def -/col1 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configure\001 -4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 660 3000 5100 autoconf\001 diff --git a/etc/configdev.jin b/etc/configdev.jin deleted file mode 100644 index 9b11a71..0000000 Binary files a/etc/configdev.jin and /dev/null differ diff --git a/etc/configdev.tin b/etc/configdev.tin deleted file mode 100644 index c9b6f34..0000000 --- a/etc/configdev.tin +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ - acconfig.h configure.in Makefile.am - | | | - | --------------+---------------------- | - | | | | | - v v | acinclude.m4 | | - *autoheader* | | v v - | | v --->*automake* - v |--->*aclocal* | | - config.in | | | v - | v | Makefile.in - | aclocal.m4--- - | | - v v - *autoconf* - | - v - configure diff --git a/etc/configure.texi b/etc/configure.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 58c5285..0000000 --- a/etc/configure.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2646 +0,0 @@ -\input texinfo -@c %**start of header -@setfilename configure.info -@settitle The GNU configure and build system -@setchapternewpage off -@c %**end of header - -@dircategory GNU admin -@direntry -* configure: (configure). The GNU configure and build system -@end direntry - -@ifnottex -This file documents the GNU configure and build system. - -Copyright (C) 1998 Cygnus Solutions. - -Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of -this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice -are preserved on all copies. - -@ignore -Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the -results, provided the printed document carries copying permission -notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph - - -@end ignore -Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire -resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission -notice identical to this one. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual -into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, -except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved -by the Foundation. -@end ifnottex - -@titlepage -@title The GNU configure and build system -@author Ian Lance Taylor - -@page -@vskip 0pt plus 1filll -Copyright @copyright{} 1998 Cygnus Solutions - -Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of -this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice -are preserved on all copies. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this -manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire -resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission -notice identical to this one. - -Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual -into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, -except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation -approved by the Free Software Foundation. -@end titlepage - -@ifnottex -@node Top -@top GNU configure and build system - -The GNU configure and build system. - -@menu -* Introduction:: Introduction. -* Getting Started:: Getting Started. -* Files:: Files. -* Configuration Names:: Configuration Names. -* Cross Compilation Tools:: Cross Compilation Tools. -* Canadian Cross:: Canadian Cross. -* Cygnus Configure:: Cygnus Configure. -* Multilibs:: Multilibs. -* FAQ:: Frequently Asked Questions. -* Index:: Index. -@end menu - -@end ifnottex - -@node Introduction -@chapter Introduction - -This document describes the GNU configure and build systems. It -describes how autoconf, automake, libtool, and make fit together. It -also includes a discussion of the older Cygnus configure system. - -This document does not describe in detail how to use each of the tools; -see the respective manuals for that. Instead, it describes which files -the developer must write, which files are machine generated and how they -are generated, and where certain common problems should be addressed. - -@ifnothtml -This document draws on several sources, including the autoconf manual by -David MacKenzie (@pxref{Top, , autoconf overview, autoconf, Autoconf}), -the automake manual by David MacKenzie and Tom Tromey (@pxref{Top, , -automake overview, automake, GNU Automake}), the libtool manual by -Gordon Matzigkeit (@pxref{Top, , libtool overview, libtool, GNU -libtool}), and the Cygnus configure manual by K. Richard Pixley. -@end ifnothtml -@ifhtml -This document draws on several sources, including -@uref{http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/autoconf/autoconf_toc.html, the -autoconf manual} by David MacKenzie, -@uref{http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/automake/automake_toc.html, the -automake manual} by David MacKenzie and Tom Tromey, -@uref{http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/libtool/libtool_toc.html, the -libtool manual} by Gordon Matzigkeit, and the Cygnus configure manual by -K. Richard Pixley. -@end ifhtml - -@menu -* Goals:: Goals. -* Tools:: The tools. -* History:: History. -* Building:: Building. -@end menu - -@node Goals -@section Goals -@cindex goals - -The GNU configure and build system has two main goals. - -The first is to simplify the development of portable programs. The -system permits the developer to concentrate on writing the program, -simplifying many details of portability across Unix and even Windows -systems, and permitting the developer to describe how to build the -program using simple rules rather than complex Makefiles. - -The second is to simplify the building of programs distributed as source -code. All programs are built using a simple, standardized, two step -process. The program builder need not install any special tools in -order to build the program. - -@node Tools -@section Tools - -The GNU configure and build system is comprised of several different -tools. Program developers must build and install all of these tools. - -People who just want to build programs from distributed sources normally -do not need any special tools beyond a Unix shell, a make program, and a -C compiler. - -@table @asis -@item autoconf -provides a general portability framework, based on testing the features -of the host system at build time. -@item automake -a system for describing how to build a program, permitting the developer -to write a simplified @file{Makefile}. -@item libtool -a standardized approach to building shared libraries. -@item gettext -provides a framework for translation of text messages into other -languages; not really discussed in this document. -@item m4 -autoconf requires the GNU version of m4; the standard Unix m4 does not -suffice. -@item perl -automake requires perl. -@end table - -@node History -@section History -@cindex history - -This is a very brief and probably inaccurate history. - -As the number of Unix variants increased during the 1980s, it became -harder to write programs which could run on all variants. While it was -often possible to use @code{#ifdef} to identify particular systems, -developers frequently did not have access to every system, and the -characteristics of some systems changed from version to version. - -By 1992, at least three different approaches had been developed: -@itemize @bullet -@item -The Metaconfig program, by Larry Wall, Harlan Stenn, and Raphael -Manfredi. -@item -The Cygnus configure script, by K. Richard Pixley, and the gcc configure -script, by Richard Stallman. These use essentially the same approach, -and the developers communicated regularly. -@item -The autoconf program, by David MacKenzie. -@end itemize - -The Metaconfig program is still used for Perl and a few other programs. -It is part of the Dist package. I do not know if it is being developed. - -In 1994, David MacKenzie and others modified autoconf to incorporate all -the features of Cygnus configure. Since then, there has been a slow but -steady conversion of GNU programs from Cygnus configure to autoconf. gcc -has been converted, eliminating the gcc configure script. - -GNU autoconf was regularly maintained until late 1996. As of this -writing in June, 1998, it has no public maintainer. - -Most programs are built using the make program, which requires the -developer to write Makefiles describing how to build the programs. -Since most programs are built in pretty much the same way, this led to a -lot of duplication. - -The X Window system is built using the imake tool, which uses a database -of rules to eliminate the duplication. However, building a tool which -was developed using imake requires that the builder have imake -installed, violating one of the goals of the GNU system. - -The new BSD make provides a standard library of Makefile fragments, -which permits developers to write very simple Makefiles. However, this -requires that the builder install the new BSD make program. - -In 1994, David MacKenzie wrote the first version of automake, which -permitted writing a simple build description which was converted into a -Makefile which could be used by the standard make program. In 1995, Tom -Tromey completely rewrote automake in Perl, and he continues to enhance -it. - -Various free packages built libraries, and by around 1995 several -included support to build shared libraries on various platforms. -However, there was no consistent approach. In early 1996, Gordon -Matzigkeit began working on libtool, which provided a standardized -approach to building shared libraries. This was integrated into -automake from the start. - -The development of automake and libtool was driven by the GNITS project, -a group of GNU maintainers who designed standardized tools to help meet -the GNU coding standards. - -@node Building -@section Building - -Most readers of this document should already know how to build a tool by -running @samp{configure} and @samp{make}. This section may serve as a -quick introduction or reminder. - -Building a tool is normally as simple as running @samp{configure} -followed by @samp{make}. You should normally run @samp{configure} from -an empty directory, using some path to refer to the @samp{configure} -script in the source directory. The directory in which you run -@samp{configure} is called the @dfn{object directory}. - -In order to use a object directory which is different from the source -directory, you must be using the GNU version of @samp{make}, which has -the required @samp{VPATH} support. Despite this restriction, using a -different object directory is highly recommended: -@itemize @bullet -@item -It keeps the files generated during the build from cluttering up your -sources. -@item -It permits you to remove the built files by simply removing the entire -build directory. -@item -It permits you to build from the same sources with several sets of -configure options simultaneously. -@end itemize - -If you don't have GNU @samp{make}, you will have to run @samp{configure} -in the source directory. All GNU packages should support this; in -particular, GNU packages should not assume the presence of GNU -@samp{make}. - -After running @samp{configure}, you can build the tools by running -@samp{make}. - -To install the tools, run @samp{make install}. Installing the tools -will copy the programs and any required support files to the -@dfn{installation directory}. The location of the installation -directory is controlled by @samp{configure} options, as described below. - -In the Cygnus tree at present, the info files are built and installed as -a separate step. To build them, run @samp{make info}. To install them, -run @samp{make install-info}. The equivalent html files are also built -and installed in a separate step. To build the html files, run -@samp{make html}. To install the html files run @samp{make install-html}. - -All @samp{configure} scripts support a wide variety of options. The -most interesting ones are @samp{--with} and @samp{--enable} options -which are generally specific to particular tools. You can usually use -the @samp{--help} option to get a list of interesting options for a -particular configure script. - -The only generic options you are likely to use are the @samp{--prefix} -and @samp{--exec-prefix} options. These options are used to specify the -installation directory. - -The directory named by the @samp{--prefix} option will hold machine -independent files such as info files. - -The directory named by the @samp{--exec-prefix} option, which is -normally a subdirectory of the @samp{--prefix} directory, will hold -machine dependent files such as executables. - -The default for @samp{--prefix} is @file{/usr/local}. The default for -@samp{--exec-prefix} is the value used for @samp{--prefix}. - -The convention used in Cygnus releases is to use a @samp{--prefix} -option of @file{/usr/cygnus/@var{release}}, where @var{release} is the -name of the release, and to use a @samp{--exec-prefix} option of -@file{/usr/cygnus/@var{release}/H-@var{host}}, where @var{host} is the -configuration name of the host system (@pxref{Configuration Names}). - -Do not use either the source or the object directory as the installation -directory. That will just lead to confusion. - -@node Getting Started -@chapter Getting Started - -To start using the GNU configure and build system with your software -package, you must write three files, and you must run some tools to -manually generate additional files. - -@menu -* Write configure.in:: Write configure.in. -* Write Makefile.am:: Write Makefile.am. -* Write acconfig.h:: Write acconfig.h. -* Generate files:: Generate files. -* Getting Started Example:: Example. -@end menu - -@node Write configure.in -@section Write configure.in -@cindex @file{configure.in}, writing - -You must first write the file @file{configure.in}. This is an autoconf -input file, and the autoconf manual describes in detail what this file -should look like. - -You will write tests in your @file{configure.in} file to check for -conditions that may change from one system to another, such as the -presence of particular header files or functions. - -For example, not all systems support the @samp{gettimeofday} function. -If you want to use the @samp{gettimeofday} function when it is -available, and to use some other function when it is not, you would -check for this by putting @samp{AC_CHECK_FUNCS(gettimeofday)} in -@file{configure.in}. - -When the configure script is run at build time, this will arrange to -define the preprocessor macro @samp{HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY} to the value 1 if -the @samp{gettimeofday} function is available, and to not define the -macro at all if the function is not available. Your code can then use -@samp{#ifdef} to test whether it is safe to call @samp{gettimeofday}. - -If you have an existing body of code, the @samp{autoscan} program may -help identify potential portability problems, and hence configure tests -that you will want to use. -@ifnothtml -@xref{Invoking autoscan, , , autoconf, the autoconf manual}. -@end ifnothtml -@ifhtml -See @uref{http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/autoconf/autoconf_4.html, the -autoscan documentation}. -@end ifhtml - -Another handy tool for an existing body of code is @samp{ifnames}. This -will show you all the preprocessor conditionals that the code already -uses. -@ifnothtml -@xref{Invoking ifnames, , , autoconf, the autoconf manual}. -@end ifnothtml -@ifhtml -See @uref{http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/autoconf/autoconf_5.html, the -ifnames documentation}. -@end ifhtml - -Besides the portability tests which are specific to your particular -package, every @file{configure.in} file should contain the following -macros. - -@table @samp -@item AC_INIT -@cindex @samp{AC_INIT} -This macro takes a single argument, which is the name of a file in your -package. For example, @samp{AC_INIT(foo.c)}. - -@item AC_PREREQ(@var{VERSION}) -@cindex @samp{AC_PREREQ} -This macro is optional. It may be used to indicate the version of -@samp{autoconf} that you are using. This will prevent users from -running an earlier version of @samp{autoconf} and perhaps getting an -invalid @file{configure} script. For example, @samp{AC_PREREQ(2.12)}. - -@item AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE -@cindex @samp{AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE} -This macro takes two arguments: the name of the package, and a version -number. For example, @samp{AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(foo, 1.0)}. (This macro is -not needed if you are not using automake). - -@item AM_CONFIG_HEADER -@cindex @samp{AM_CONFIG_HEADER} -This macro names the header file which will hold the preprocessor macro -definitions at run time. Normally this should be @file{config.h}. Your -sources would then use @samp{#include "config.h"} to include it. - -This macro may optionally name the input file for that header file; by -default, this is @file{config.h.in}, but that file name works poorly on -DOS filesystems. Therefore, it is often better to name it explicitly as -@file{config.in}. - -This is what you should normally put in @file{configure.in}: -@example -AM_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h:config.in) -@end example - -@cindex @samp{AC_CONFIG_HEADER} -(If you are not using automake, use @samp{AC_CONFIG_HEADER} rather than -@samp{AM_CONFIG_HEADER}). - -@item AM_MAINTAINER_MODE -@cindex @samp{AM_MAINTAINER_MODE} -This macro always appears in Cygnus configure scripts. Other programs -may or may not use it. - -If this macro is used, the @samp{--enable-maintainer-mode} option is -required to enable automatic rebuilding of generated files used by the -configure system. This of course requires that developers be aware of, -and use, that option. - -If this macro is not used, then the generated files will always be -rebuilt automatically. This will cause problems if the wrong versions -of autoconf, automake, or others are in the builder's @samp{PATH}. - -(If you are not using automake, you do not need to use this macro). - -@item AC_EXEEXT -@cindex @samp{AC_EXEEXT} -@cindex @samp{AM_EXEEXT} -Either this macro or @samp{AM_EXEEXT} always appears in Cygnus configure -files. Other programs may or may not use one of them. - -This macro looks for the executable suffix used on the host system. On -Unix systems, this is the empty string. On Windows systems, this is -@samp{.exe}. This macro directs automake to use the executable suffix -as appropriate when creating programs. This macro does not take any -arguments. - -The @samp{AC_EXEEXT} form is new, and is part of a Cygnus patch to -autoconf to support compiling with Visual C++. Older programs use -@samp{AM_EXEEXT} instead. - -(Programs which do not use automake use neither @samp{AC_EXEEXT} nor -@samp{AM_EXEEXT}). - -@item AC_PROG_CC -@cindex @samp{AC_PROG_CC} -If you are writing C code, you will normally want to use this macro. It -locates the C compiler to use. It does not take any arguments. - -However, if this @file{configure.in} file is for a library which is to -be compiled by a cross compiler which may not fully work, then you will -not want to use @samp{AC_PROG_CC}. Instead, you will want to use a -variant which does not call the macro @samp{AC_PROG_CC_WORKS}. Examples -can be found in various @file{configure.in} files for libraries that are -compiled with cross compilers, such as libiberty or libgloss. This is -essentially a bug in autoconf, and there will probably be a better -workaround at some point. - -@item AC_PROG_CXX -@cindex @samp{AC_PROG_CXX} -If you are writing C++ code, you will want to use this macro. It -locates the C++ compiler to use. It does not take any arguments. The -same cross compiler comments apply as for @samp{AC_PROG_CC}. - -@item AM_PROG_LIBTOOL -@cindex @samp{AM_PROG_LIBTOOL} -If you want to build libraries, and you want to permit them to be -shared, or you want to link against libraries which were built using -libtool, then you will need this macro. This macro is required in order -to use libtool. - -@cindex @samp{AM_DISABLE_SHARED} -By default, this will cause all libraries to be built as shared -libraries. To prevent this--to change the default--use -@samp{AM_DISABLE_SHARED} before @samp{AM_PROG_LIBTOOL}. The configure -options @samp{--enable-shared} and @samp{--disable-shared} may be used -to override the default at build time. - -@item AC_DEFINE(_GNU_SOURCE) -@cindex @samp{_GNU_SOURCE} -GNU packages should normally include this line before any other feature -tests. This defines the macro @samp{_GNU_SOURCE} when compiling, which -directs the libc header files to provide the standard GNU system -interfaces including all GNU extensions. If this macro is not defined, -certain GNU extensions may not be available. - -@item AC_OUTPUT -@cindex @samp{AC_OUTPUT} -This macro takes a list of file names which the configure process should -produce. This is normally a list of one or more @file{Makefile} files -in different directories. If your package lives entirely in a single -directory, you would use simply @samp{AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)}. If you also -have, for example, a @file{lib} subdirectory, you would use -@samp{AC_OUTPUT(Makefile lib/Makefile)}. -@end table - -If you want to use locally defined macros in your @file{configure.in} -file, then you will need to write a @file{acinclude.m4} file which -defines them (if not using automake, this file is called -@file{aclocal.m4}). Alternatively, you can put separate macros in an -@file{m4} subdirectory, and put @samp{ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4} in your -@file{Makefile.am} file so that the @samp{aclocal} program will be able -to find them. - -The different macro prefixes indicate which tool defines the macro. -Macros which start with @samp{AC_} are part of autoconf. Macros which -start with @samp{AM_} are provided by automake or libtool. - -@node Write Makefile.am -@section Write Makefile.am -@cindex @file{Makefile.am}, writing - -You must write the file @file{Makefile.am}. This is an automake input -file, and the automake manual describes in detail what this file should -look like. - -The automake commands in @file{Makefile.am} mostly look like variable -assignments in a @file{Makefile}. automake recognizes special variable -names, and automatically add make rules to the output as needed. - -There will be one @file{Makefile.am} file for each directory in your -package. For each directory with subdirectories, the @file{Makefile.am} -file should contain the line -@smallexample -SUBDIRS = @var{dir} @var{dir} @dots{} -@end smallexample -@noindent -where each @var{dir} is the name of a subdirectory. - -For each @file{Makefile.am}, there should be a corresponding -@file{Makefile} in the @samp{AC_OUTPUT} macro in @file{configure.in}. - -Every @file{Makefile.am} written at Cygnus should contain the line -@smallexample -AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = cygnus -@end smallexample -@noindent -This puts automake into Cygnus mode. See the automake manual for -details. - -You may to include the version number of @samp{automake} that you are -using on the @samp{AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS} line. For example, -@smallexample -AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = cygnus 1.3 -@end smallexample -@noindent -This will prevent users from running an earlier version of -@samp{automake} and perhaps getting an invalid @file{Makefile.in}. - -If your package builds a program, then in the directory where that -program is built you will normally want a line like -@smallexample -bin_PROGRAMS = @var{program} -@end smallexample -@noindent -where @var{program} is the name of the program. You will then want a -line like -@smallexample -@var{program}_SOURCES = @var{file} @var{file} @dots{} -@end smallexample -@noindent -where each @var{file} is the name of a source file to link into the -program (e.g., @samp{foo.c}). - -If your package builds a library, and you do not want the library to -ever be built as a shared library, then in the directory where that -library is built you will normally want a line like -@smallexample -lib_LIBRARIES = lib@var{name}.a -@end smallexample -@noindent -where @samp{lib@var{name}.a} is the name of the library. You will then -want a line like -@smallexample -lib@var{name}_a_SOURCES = @var{file} @var{file} @dots{} -@end smallexample -@noindent -where each @var{file} is the name of a source file to add to the -library. - -If your package builds a library, and you want to permit building the -library as a shared library, then in the directory where that library is -built you will normally want a line like -@smallexample -lib_LTLIBRARIES = lib@var{name}.la -@end smallexample -The use of @samp{LTLIBRARIES}, and the @samp{.la} extension, indicate a -library to be built using libtool. As usual, you will then want a line -like -@smallexample -lib@var{name}_la_SOURCES = @var{file} @var{file} @dots{} -@end smallexample - -The strings @samp{bin} and @samp{lib} that appear above in -@samp{bin_PROGRAMS} and @samp{lib_LIBRARIES} are not arbitrary. They -refer to particular directories, which may be set by the @samp{--bindir} -and @samp{--libdir} options to @file{configure}. If those options are -not used, the default values are based on the @samp{--prefix} or -@samp{--exec-prefix} options to @file{configure}. It is possible to use -other names if the program or library should be installed in some other -directory. - -The @file{Makefile.am} file may also contain almost anything that may -appear in a normal @file{Makefile}. automake also supports many other -special variables, as well as conditionals. - -See the automake manual for more information. - -@node Write acconfig.h -@section Write acconfig.h -@cindex @file{acconfig.h}, writing - -If you are generating a portability header file, (i.e., you are using -@samp{AM_CONFIG_HEADER} in @file{configure.in}), then you will have to -write a @file{acconfig.h} file. It will have to contain the following -lines. - -@smallexample -/* Name of package. */ -#undef PACKAGE - -/* Version of package. */ -#undef VERSION -@end smallexample - -This requirement is really a bug in the system, and the requirement may -be eliminated at some later date. - -The @file{acconfig.h} file will also similar comment and @samp{#undef} -lines for any unusual macros in the @file{configure.in} file, including -any macro which appears in a @samp{AC_DEFINE} macro. - -In particular, if you are writing a GNU package and therefore include -@samp{AC_DEFINE(_GNU_SOURCE)} in @file{configure.in} as suggested above, -you will need lines like this in @file{acconfig.h}: -@smallexample -/* Enable GNU extensions. */ -#undef _GNU_SOURCE -@end smallexample - -Normally the @samp{autoheader} program will inform you of any such -requirements by printing an error message when it is run. However, if -you do anything particular odd in your @file{configure.in} file, you -will have to make sure that the right entries appear in -@file{acconfig.h}, since otherwise the results of the tests may not be -available in the @file{config.h} file which your code will use. - -(Thee @samp{PACKAGE} and @samp{VERSION} lines are not required if you -are not using automake, and in that case you may not need a -@file{acconfig.h} file at all). - -@node Generate files -@section Generate files - -Once you have written @file{configure.in}, @file{Makefile.am}, -@file{acconfig.h}, and possibly @file{acinclude.m4}, you must use -autoconf and automake programs to produce the first versions of the -generated files. This is done by executing the following sequence of -commands. - -@smallexample -aclocal -autoconf -autoheader -automake -@end smallexample - -The @samp{aclocal} and @samp{automake} commands are part of the automake -package, and the @samp{autoconf} and @samp{autoheader} commands are part -of the autoconf package. - -If you are using a @file{m4} subdirectory for your macros, you will need -to use the @samp{-I m4} option when you run @samp{aclocal}. - -If you are not using the Cygnus tree, use the @samp{-a} option when -running @samp{automake} command in order to copy the required support -files into your source directory. - -If you are using libtool, you must build and install the libtool package -with the same @samp{--prefix} and @samp{--exec-prefix} options as you -used with the autoconf and automake packages. You must do this before -running any of the above commands. If you are not using the Cygnus -tree, you will need to run the @samp{libtoolize} program to copy the -libtool support files into your directory. - -Once you have managed to run these commands without getting any errors, -you should create a new empty directory, and run the @samp{configure} -script which will have been created by @samp{autoconf} with the -@samp{--enable-maintainer-mode} option. This will give you a set of -Makefiles which will include rules to automatically rebuild all the -generated files. - -After doing that, whenever you have changed some of the input files and -want to regenerated the other files, go to your object directory and run -@samp{make}. Doing this is more reliable than trying to rebuild the -files manually, because there are complex order dependencies and it is -easy to forget something. - -@node Getting Started Example -@section Example - -Let's consider a trivial example. - -Suppose we want to write a simple version of @samp{touch}. Our program, -which we will call @samp{poke}, will take a single file name argument, -and use the @samp{utime} system call to set the modification and access -times of the file to the current time. We want this program to be -highly portable. - -We'll first see what this looks like without using autoconf and -automake, and then see what it looks like with them. - -@menu -* Getting Started Example 1:: First Try. -* Getting Started Example 2:: Second Try. -* Getting Started Example 3:: Third Try. -* Generate Files in Example:: Generate Files. -@end menu - -@node Getting Started Example 1 -@subsection First Try - -Here is our first try at @samp{poke.c}. Note that we've written it -without ANSI/ISO C prototypes, since we want it to be highly portable. - -@example -#include <stdio.h> -#include <stdlib.h> -#include <sys/types.h> -#include <utime.h> - -int -main (argc, argv) - int argc; - char **argv; -@{ - if (argc != 2) - @{ - fprintf (stderr, "Usage: poke file\n"); - exit (1); - @} - - if (utime (argv[1], NULL) < 0) - @{ - perror ("utime"); - exit (1); - @} - - exit (0); -@} -@end example - -We also write a simple @file{Makefile}. - -@example -CC = gcc -CFLAGS = -g -O2 - -all: poke - -poke: poke.o - $(CC) -o poke $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) poke.o -@end example - -So far, so good. - -Unfortunately, there are a few problems. - -On older Unix systems derived from BSD 4.3, the @samp{utime} system call -does not accept a second argument of @samp{NULL}. On those systems, we -need to pass a pointer to @samp{struct utimbuf} structure. -Unfortunately, even older systems don't define that structure; on those -systems, we need to pass an array of two @samp{long} values. - -The header file @file{stdlib.h} was invented by ANSI C, and older -systems don't have a copy. We included it above to get a declaration of -@samp{exit}. - -We can find some of these portability problems by running -@samp{autoscan}, which will create a @file{configure.scan} file which we -can use as a prototype for our @file{configure.in} file. I won't show -the output, but it will notice the potential problems with @samp{utime} -and @file{stdlib.h}. - -In our @file{Makefile}, we don't provide any way to install the program. -This doesn't matter much for such a simple example, but a real program -will need an @samp{install} target. For that matter, we will also want -a @samp{clean} target. - -@node Getting Started Example 2 -@subsection Second Try - -Here is our second try at this program. - -We modify @file{poke.c} to use preprocessor macros to control what -features are available. (I've cheated a bit by using the same macro -names which autoconf will use). - -@example -#include <stdio.h> - -#ifdef STDC_HEADERS -#include <stdlib.h> -#endif - -#include <sys/types.h> - -#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H -#include <utime.h> -#endif - -#ifndef HAVE_UTIME_NULL - -#include <time.h> - -#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF - -struct utimbuf -@{ - long actime; - long modtime; -@}; - -#endif - -static int -utime_now (file) - char *file; -@{ - struct utimbuf now; - - now.actime = now.modtime = time (NULL); - return utime (file, &now); -@} - -#define utime(f, p) utime_now (f) - -#endif /* HAVE_UTIME_NULL */ - -int -main (argc, argv) - int argc; - char **argv; -@{ - if (argc != 2) - @{ - fprintf (stderr, "Usage: poke file\n"); - exit (1); - @} - - if (utime (argv[1], NULL) < 0) - @{ - perror ("utime"); - exit (1); - @} - - exit (0); -@} -@end example - -Here is the associated @file{Makefile}. We've added support for the -preprocessor flags we use. We've also added @samp{install} and -@samp{clean} targets. - -@example -# Set this to your installation directory. -bindir = /usr/local/bin - -# Uncomment this if you have the standard ANSI/ISO C header files. -# STDC_HDRS = -DSTDC_HEADERS - -# Uncomment this if you have utime.h. -# UTIME_H = -DHAVE_UTIME_H - -# Uncomment this if utime (FILE, NULL) works on your system. -# UTIME_NULL = -DHAVE_UTIME_NULL - -# Uncomment this if struct utimbuf is defined in utime.h. -# UTIMBUF = -DHAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF - -CC = gcc -CFLAGS = -g -O2 - -ALL_CFLAGS = $(STDC_HDRS) $(UTIME_H) $(UTIME_NULL) $(UTIMBUF) $(CFLAGS) - -all: poke - -poke: poke.o - $(CC) -o poke $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) poke.o - -.c.o: - $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) poke.c - -install: poke - cp poke $(bindir)/poke - -clean: - rm poke poke.o -@end example - -Some problems with this approach should be clear. - -Users who want to compile poke will have to know how @samp{utime} works -on their systems, so that they can uncomment the @file{Makefile} -correctly. - -The installation is done using @samp{cp}, but many systems have an -@samp{install} program which may be used, and which supports optional -features such as stripping debugging information out of the installed -binary. - -The use of @file{Makefile} variables like @samp{CC}, @samp{CFLAGS} and -@samp{LDFLAGS} follows the requirements of the GNU standards. This is -convenient for all packages, since it reduces surprises for users. -However, it is easy to get the details wrong, and wind up with a -slightly nonstandard distribution. - -@node Getting Started Example 3 -@subsection Third Try - -For our third try at this program, we will write a @file{configure.in} -script to discover the configuration features on the host system, rather -than requiring the user to edit the @file{Makefile}. We will also write -a @file{Makefile.am} rather than a @file{Makefile}. - -The only change to @file{poke.c} is to add a line at the start of the -file: -@smallexample -#include "config.h" -@end smallexample - -The new @file{configure.in} file is as follows. - -@example -AC_INIT(poke.c) -AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(poke, 1.0) -AM_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h:config.in) -AC_PROG_CC -AC_HEADER_STDC -AC_CHECK_HEADERS(utime.h) -AC_EGREP_HEADER(utimbuf, utime.h, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF)) -AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL -AC_OUTPUT(Makefile) -@end example - -The first four macros in this file, and the last one, were described -above; see @ref{Write configure.in}. If we omit these macros, then when -we run @samp{automake} we will get a reminder that we need them. - -The other macros are standard autoconf macros. - -@table @samp -@item AC_HEADER_STDC -Check for standard C headers. -@item AC_CHECK_HEADERS -Check whether a particular header file exists. -@item AC_EGREP_HEADER -Check for a particular string in a particular header file, in this case -checking for @samp{utimbuf} in @file{utime.h}. -@item AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL -Check whether @samp{utime} accepts a NULL second argument to set the -file change time to the current time. -@end table - -See the autoconf manual for a more complete description. - -The new @file{Makefile.am} file is as follows. Note how simple this is -compared to our earlier @file{Makefile}. - -@example -bin_PROGRAMS = poke - -poke_SOURCES = poke.c -@end example - -This means that we should build a single program name @samp{poke}. It -should be installed in the binary directory, which we called -@samp{bindir} earlier. The program @samp{poke} is built from the source -file @file{poke.c}. - -We must also write a @file{acconfig.h} file. Besides @samp{PACKAGE} and -@samp{VERSION}, which must be mentioned for all packages which use -automake, we must include @samp{HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF}, since we mentioned -it in an @samp{AC_DEFINE}. - -@example -/* Name of package. */ -#undef PACKAGE - -/* Version of package. */ -#undef VERSION - -/* Whether utime.h defines struct utimbuf. */ -#undef HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF -@end example - -@node Generate Files in Example -@subsection Generate Files - -We must now generate the other files, using the following commands. - -@smallexample -aclocal -autoconf -autoheader -automake -@end smallexample - -When we run @samp{autoheader}, it will remind us of any macros we forgot -to add to @file{acconfig.h}. - -When we run @samp{automake}, it will want to add some files to our -distribution. It will add them automatically if we use the -@samp{--add-missing} option. - -By default, @samp{automake} will run in GNU mode, which means that it -will want us to create certain additional files; as of this writing, it -will want @file{NEWS}, @file{README}, @file{AUTHORS}, and -@file{ChangeLog}, all of which are files which should appear in a -standard GNU distribution. We can either add those files, or run -@samp{automake} with the @samp{--foreign} option. - -Running these tools will generate the following files, all of which are -described in the next chapter. - -@itemize @bullet -@item -@file{aclocal.m4} -@item -@file{configure} -@item -@file{config.in} -@item -@file{Makefile.in} -@item -@file{stamp-h.in} -@end itemize - -@node Files -@chapter Files - -As was seen in the previous chapter, the GNU configure and build system -uses a number of different files. The developer must write a few files. -The others are generated by various tools. - -The system is rather flexible, and can be used in many different ways. -In describing the files that it uses, I will describe the common case, -and mention some other cases that may arise. - -@menu -* Developer Files:: Developer Files. -* Build Files:: Build Files. -* Support Files:: Support Files. -@end menu - -@node Developer Files -@section Developer Files - -This section describes the files written or generated by the developer -of a package. - -@menu -* Developer Files Picture:: Developer Files Picture. -* Written Developer Files:: Written Developer Files. -* Generated Developer Files:: Generated Developer Files. -@end menu - -@node Developer Files Picture -@subsection Developer Files Picture - -Here is a picture of the files which are written by the developer, the -generated files which would be included with a complete source -distribution, and the tools which create those files. -@ifinfo -The file names are plain text and the tool names are enclosed by -@samp{*} characters -@end ifinfo -@ifnotinfo -The file names are in rectangles with square corners and the tool names -are in rectangles with rounded corners -@end ifnotinfo -(e.g., @samp{autoheader} is the name of a tool, not the name of a file). - -@image{configdev,,,,jpg} - -@node Written Developer Files -@subsection Written Developer Files - -The following files would be written by the developer. - -@table @file -@item configure.in -@cindex @file{configure.in} -This is the configuration script. This script contains invocations of -autoconf macros. It may also contain ordinary shell script code. This -file will contain feature tests for portability issues. The last thing -in the file will normally be an @samp{AC_OUTPUT} macro listing which -files to create when the builder runs the configure script. This file -is always required when using the GNU configure system. @xref{Write -configure.in}. - -@item Makefile.am -@cindex @file{Makefile.am} -This is the automake input file. It describes how the code should be -built. It consists of definitions of automake variables. It may also -contain ordinary Makefile targets. This file is only needed when using -automake (newer tools normally use automake, but there are still older -tools which have not been converted, in which the developer writes -@file{Makefile.in} directly). @xref{Write Makefile.am}. - -@item acconfig.h -@cindex @file{acconfig.h} -When the configure script creates a portability header file, by using -@samp{AM_CONFIG_HEADER} (or, if not using automake, -@samp{AC_CONFIG_HEADER}), this file is used to describe macros which are -not recognized by the @samp{autoheader} command. This is normally a -fairly uninteresting file, consisting of a collection of @samp{#undef} -lines with comments. Normally any call to @samp{AC_DEFINE} in -@file{configure.in} will require a line in this file. @xref{Write -acconfig.h}. - -@item acinclude.m4 -@cindex @file{acinclude.m4} -This file is not always required. It defines local autoconf macros. -These macros may then be used in @file{configure.in}. If you don't need -any local autoconf macros, then you don't need this file at all. In -fact, in general, you never need local autoconf macros, since you can -put everything in @file{configure.in}, but sometimes a local macro is -convenient. - -Newer tools may omit @file{acinclude.m4}, and instead use a -subdirectory, typically named @file{m4}, and define -@samp{ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4} in @file{Makefile.am} to force -@samp{aclocal} to look there for macro definitions. The macro -definitions are then placed in separate files in that directory. - -The @file{acinclude.m4} file is only used when using automake; in older -tools, the developer writes @file{aclocal.m4} directly, if it is needed. -@end table - -@node Generated Developer Files -@subsection Generated Developer Files - -The following files would be generated by the developer. - -When using automake, these files are normally not generated manually -after the first time. Instead, the generated @file{Makefile} contains -rules to automatically rebuild the files as required. When -@samp{AM_MAINTAINER_MODE} is used in @file{configure.in} (the normal -case in Cygnus code), the automatic rebuilding rules will only be -defined if you configure using the @samp{--enable-maintainer-mode} -option. - -When using automatic rebuilding, it is important to ensure that all the -various tools have been built and installed on your @samp{PATH}. Using -automatic rebuilding is highly recommended, so much so that I'm not -going to explain what you have to do if you don't use it. - -@table @file -@item configure -@cindex @file{configure} -This is the configure script which will be run when building the -package. This is generated by @samp{autoconf} from @file{configure.in} -and @file{aclocal.m4}. This is a shell script. - -@item Makefile.in -@cindex @file{Makefile.in} -This is the file which the configure script will turn into the -@file{Makefile} at build time. This file is generated by -@samp{automake} from @file{Makefile.am}. If you aren't using automake, -you must write this file yourself. This file is pretty much a normal -@file{Makefile}, with some configure substitutions for certain -variables. - -@item aclocal.m4 -@cindex @file{aclocal.m4} -This file is created by the @samp{aclocal} program, based on the -contents of @file{configure.in} and @file{acinclude.m4} (or, as noted in -the description of @file{acinclude.m4} above, on the contents of an -@file{m4} subdirectory). This file contains definitions of autoconf -macros which @samp{autoconf} will use when generating the file -@file{configure}. These autoconf macros may be defined by you in -@file{acinclude.m4} or they may be defined by other packages such as -automake, libtool or gettext. If you aren't using automake, you will -normally write this file yourself; in that case, if @file{configure.in} -uses only standard autoconf macros, this file will not be needed at all. - -@item config.in -@cindex @file{config.in} -@cindex @file{config.h.in} -This file is created by @samp{autoheader} based on @file{acconfig.h} and -@file{configure.in}. At build time, the configure script will define -some of the macros in it to create @file{config.h}, which may then be -included by your program. This permits your C code to use preprocessor -conditionals to change its behaviour based on the characteristics of the -host system. This file may also be called @file{config.h.in}. - -@item stamp.h-in -@cindex @file{stamp-h.in} -This rather uninteresting file, which I omitted from the picture, is -generated by @samp{automake}. It always contains the string -@samp{timestamp}. It is used as a timestamp file indicating whether -@file{config.in} is up to date. Using a timestamp file means that -@file{config.in} can be marked as up to date without actually changing -its modification time. This is useful since @file{config.in} depends -upon @file{configure.in}, but it is easy to change @file{configure.in} -in a way which does not affect @file{config.in}. -@end table - -@node Build Files -@section Build Files - -This section describes the files which are created at configure and -build time. These are the files which somebody who builds the package -will see. - -Of course, the developer will also build the package. The distinction -between developer files and build files is not that the developer does -not see the build files, but that somebody who only builds the package -does not have to worry about the developer files. - -@menu -* Build Files Picture:: Build Files Picture. -* Build Files Description:: Build Files Description. -@end menu - -@node Build Files Picture -@subsection Build Files Picture - -Here is a picture of the files which will be created at build time. -@file{config.status} is both a created file and a shell script which is -run to create other files, and the picture attempts to show that. - -@image{configbuild,,,,jpg} - -@node Build Files Description -@subsection Build Files Description - -This is a description of the files which are created at build time. - -@table @file -@item config.status -@cindex @file{config.status} -The first step in building a package is to run the @file{configure} -script. The @file{configure} script will create the file -@file{config.status}, which is itself a shell script. When you first -run @file{configure}, it will automatically run @file{config.status}. -An @file{Makefile} derived from an automake generated @file{Makefile.in} -will contain rules to automatically run @file{config.status} again when -necessary to recreate certain files if their inputs change. - -@item Makefile -@cindex @file{Makefile} -This is the file which make will read to build the program. The -@file{config.status} script will transform @file{Makefile.in} into -@file{Makefile}. - -@item config.h -@cindex @file{config.h} -This file defines C preprocessor macros which C code can use to adjust -its behaviour on different systems. The @file{config.status} script -will transform @file{config.in} into @file{config.h}. - -@item config.cache -@cindex @file{config.cache} -This file did not fit neatly into the picture, and I omitted it. It is -used by the @file{configure} script to cache results between runs. This -can be an important speedup. If you modify @file{configure.in} in such -a way that the results of old tests should change (perhaps you have -added a new library to @samp{LDFLAGS}), then you will have to remove -@file{config.cache} to force the tests to be rerun. - -The autoconf manual explains how to set up a site specific cache file. -This can speed up running @file{configure} scripts on your system. - -@item stamp.h -@cindex @file{stamp-h} -This file, which I omitted from the picture, is similar to -@file{stamp-h.in}. It is used as a timestamp file indicating whether -@file{config.h} is up to date. This is useful since @file{config.h} -depends upon @file{config.status}, but it is easy for -@file{config.status} to change in a way which does not affect -@file{config.h}. -@end table - -@node Support Files -@section Support Files - -The GNU configure and build system requires several support files to be -included with your distribution. You do not normally need to concern -yourself with these. If you are using the Cygnus tree, most are already -present. Otherwise, they will be installed with your source by -@samp{automake} (with the @samp{--add-missing} option) and -@samp{libtoolize}. - -You don't have to put the support files in the top level directory. You -can put them in a subdirectory, and use the @samp{AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR} -macro in @file{configure.in} to tell @samp{automake} and the -@file{configure} script where they are. - -In this section, I describe the support files, so that you can know what -they are and why they are there. - -@table @file -@item ABOUT-NLS -Added by automake if you are using gettext. This is a documentation -file about the gettext project. -@item ansi2knr.c -Used by an automake generated @file{Makefile} if you put @samp{ansi2knr} -in @samp{AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS} in @file{Makefile.am}. This permits -compiling ANSI C code with a K&R C compiler. -@item ansi2knr.1 -The man page which goes with @file{ansi2knr.c}. -@item config.guess -A shell script which determines the configuration name for the system on -which it is run. -@item config.sub -A shell script which canonicalizes a configuration name entered by a -user. -@item elisp-comp -Used to compile Emacs LISP files. -@item install-sh -A shell script which installs a program. This is used if the configure -script can not find an install binary. -@item ltconfig -Used by libtool. This is a shell script which configures libtool for -the particular system on which it is used. -@item ltmain.sh -Used by libtool. This is the actual libtool script which is used, after -it is configured by @file{ltconfig} to build a library. -@item mdate-sh -A shell script used by an automake generated @file{Makefile} to pretty -print the modification time of a file. This is used to maintain version -numbers for texinfo files. -@item missing -A shell script used if some tool is missing entirely. This is used by -an automake generated @file{Makefile} to avoid certain sorts of -timestamp problems. -@item mkinstalldirs -A shell script which creates a directory, including all parent -directories. This is used by an automake generated @file{Makefile} -during installation. -@item texinfo.tex -Required if you have any texinfo files. This is used when converting -Texinfo files into DVI using @samp{texi2dvi} and @TeX{}. -@item ylwrap -A shell script used by an automake generated @file{Makefile} to run -programs like @samp{bison}, @samp{yacc}, @samp{flex}, and @samp{lex}. -These programs default to producing output files with a fixed name, and -the @file{ylwrap} script runs them in a subdirectory to avoid file name -conflicts when using a parallel make program. -@end table - -@node Configuration Names -@chapter Configuration Names -@cindex configuration names -@cindex configuration triplets -@cindex triplets -@cindex host names -@cindex host triplets -@cindex canonical system names -@cindex system names -@cindex system types - -The GNU configure system names all systems using a @dfn{configuration -name}. All such names used to be triplets (they may now contain four -parts in certain cases), and the term @dfn{configuration triplet} is -still seen. - -@menu -* Configuration Name Definition:: Configuration Name Definition. -* Using Configuration Names:: Using Configuration Names. -@end menu - -@node Configuration Name Definition -@section Configuration Name Definition - -This is a string of the form -@var{cpu}-@var{manufacturer}-@var{operating_system}. In some cases, -this is extended to a four part form: -@var{cpu}-@var{manufacturer}-@var{kernel}-@var{operating_system}. - -When using a configuration name in a configure option, it is normally -not necessary to specify an entire name. In particular, the -@var{manufacturer} field is often omitted, leading to strings such as -@samp{i386-linux} or @samp{sparc-sunos}. The shell script -@file{config.sub} will translate these shortened strings into the -canonical form. autoconf will arrange for @file{config.sub} to be run -automatically when it is needed. - -The fields of a configuration name are as follows: - -@table @var -@item cpu -The type of processor. This is typically something like @samp{i386} or -@samp{sparc}. More specific variants are used as well, such as -@samp{mipsel} to indicate a little endian MIPS processor. -@item manufacturer -A somewhat freeform field which indicates the manufacturer of the -system. This is often simply @samp{unknown}. Other common strings are -@samp{pc} for an IBM PC compatible system, or the name of a workstation -vendor, such as @samp{sun}. -@item operating_system -The name of the operating system which is run on the system. This will -be something like @samp{solaris2.5} or @samp{irix6.3}. There is no -particular restriction on the version number, and strings like -@samp{aix4.1.4.0} are seen. For an embedded system, which has no -operating system, this field normally indicates the type of object file -format, such as @samp{elf} or @samp{coff}. -@item kernel -This is used mainly for GNU/Linux. A typical GNU/Linux configuration -name is @samp{i586-pc-linux-gnulibc1}. In this case the kernel, -@samp{linux}, is separated from the operating system, @samp{gnulibc1}. -@end table - -The shell script @file{config.guess} will normally print the correct -configuration name for the system on which it is run. It does by -running @samp{uname} and by examining other characteristics of the -system. - -Because @file{config.guess} can normally determine the configuration -name for a machine, it is normally only necessary to specify a -configuration name when building a cross-compiler or when building using -a cross-compiler. - -@node Using Configuration Names -@section Using Configuration Names - -A configure script will sometimes have to make a decision based on a -configuration name. You will need to do this if you have to compile -code differently based on something which can not be tested using a -standard autoconf feature test. - -It is normally better to test for particular features, rather than to -test for a particular system. This is because as Unix evolves, -different systems copy features from one another. Even if you need to -determine whether the feature is supported based on a configuration -name, you should define a macro which describes the feature, rather than -defining a macro which describes the particular system you are on. - -Testing for a particular system is normally done using a case statement -in @file{configure.in}. The case statement might look something like -the following, assuming that @samp{host} is a shell variable holding a -canonical configuration name (which will be the case if -@file{configure.in} uses the @samp{AC_CANONICAL_HOST} or -@samp{AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM} macro). - -@smallexample -case "$@{host@}" in -i[3-7]86-*-linux-gnu*) do something ;; -sparc*-sun-solaris2.[56789]*) do something ;; -sparc*-sun-solaris*) do something ;; -mips*-*-elf*) do something ;; -esac -@end smallexample - -It is particularly important to use @samp{*} after the operating system -field, in order to match the version number which will be generated by -@file{config.guess}. - -In most cases you must be careful to match a range of processor types. -For most processor families, a trailing @samp{*} suffices, as in -@samp{mips*} above. For the i386 family, something along the lines of -@samp{i[3-7]86} suffices at present. For the m68k family, you will -need something like @samp{m68*}. Of course, if you do not need to match -on the processor, it is simpler to just replace the entire field by a -@samp{*}, as in @samp{*-*-irix*}. - -@node Cross Compilation Tools -@chapter Cross Compilation Tools -@cindex cross tools - -The GNU configure and build system can be used to build @dfn{cross -compilation} tools. A cross compilation tool is a tool which runs on -one system and produces code which runs on another system. - -@menu -* Cross Compilation Concepts:: Cross Compilation Concepts. -* Host and Target:: Host and Target. -* Using the Host Type:: Using the Host Type. -* Specifying the Target:: Specifying the Target. -* Using the Target Type:: Using the Target Type. -* Cross Tools in the Cygnus Tree:: Cross Tools in the Cygnus Tree -@end menu - -@node Cross Compilation Concepts -@section Cross Compilation Concepts - -@cindex cross compiler -A compiler which produces programs which run on a different system is a -cross compilation compiler, or simply a @dfn{cross compiler}. -Similarly, we speak of cross assemblers, cross linkers, etc. - -In the normal case, a compiler produces code which runs on the same -system as the one on which the compiler runs. When it is necessary to -distinguish this case from the cross compilation case, such a compiler -is called a @dfn{native compiler}. Similarly, we speak of native -assemblers, etc. - -Although the debugger is not strictly speaking a compilation tool, it is -nevertheless meaningful to speak of a cross debugger: a debugger which -is used to debug code which runs on another system. Everything that is -said below about configuring cross compilation tools applies to the -debugger as well. - -@node Host and Target -@section Host and Target -@cindex host system -@cindex target system - -When building cross compilation tools, there are two different systems -involved: the system on which the tools will run, and the system for -which the tools generate code. - -The system on which the tools will run is called the @dfn{host} system. - -The system for which the tools generate code is called the @dfn{target} -system. - -For example, suppose you have a compiler which runs on a GNU/Linux -system and generates ELF programs for a MIPS embedded system. In this -case the GNU/Linux system is the host, and the MIPS ELF system is the -target. Such a compiler could be called a GNU/Linux cross MIPS ELF -compiler, or, equivalently, a @samp{i386-linux-gnu} cross -@samp{mips-elf} compiler. - -Naturally, most programs are not cross compilation tools. For those -programs, it does not make sense to speak of a target. It only makes -sense to speak of a target for tools like @samp{gcc} or the -@samp{binutils} which actually produce running code. For example, it -does not make sense to speak of the target of a tool like @samp{bison} -or @samp{make}. - -Most cross compilation tools can also serve as native tools. For a -native compilation tool, it is still meaningful to speak of a target. -For a native tool, the target is the same as the host. For example, for -a GNU/Linux native compiler, the host is GNU/Linux, and the target is -also GNU/Linux. - -@node Using the Host Type -@section Using the Host Type - -In almost all cases the host system is the system on which you run the -@samp{configure} script, and on which you build the tools (for the case -when they differ, @pxref{Canadian Cross}). - -@cindex @samp{AC_CANONICAL_HOST} -If your configure script needs to know the configuration name of the -host system, and the package is not a cross compilation tool and -therefore does not have a target, put @samp{AC_CANONICAL_HOST} in -@file{configure.in}. This macro will arrange to define a few shell -variables when the @samp{configure} script is run. - -@table @samp -@item host -The canonical configuration name of the host. This will normally be -determined by running the @file{config.guess} shell script, although the -user is permitted to override this by using an explicit @samp{--host} -option. -@item host_alias -In the unusual case that the user used an explicit @samp{--host} option, -this will be the argument to @samp{--host}. In the normal case, this -will be the same as the @samp{host} variable. -@item host_cpu -@itemx host_vendor -@itemx host_os -The first three parts of the canonical configuration name. -@end table - -The shell variables may be used by putting shell code in -@file{configure.in}. For an example, see @ref{Using Configuration -Names}. - -@node Specifying the Target -@section Specifying the Target - -By default, the @samp{configure} script will assume that the target is -the same as the host. This is the more common case; for example, it -leads to a native compiler rather than a cross compiler. - -@cindex @samp{--target} option -@cindex target option -@cindex configure target -If you want to build a cross compilation tool, you must specify the -target explicitly by using the @samp{--target} option when you run -@samp{configure}. The argument to @samp{--target} is the configuration -name of the system for which you wish to generate code. -@xref{Configuration Names}. - -For example, to build tools which generate code for a MIPS ELF embedded -system, you would use @samp{--target mips-elf}. - -@node Using the Target Type -@section Using the Target Type - -@cindex @samp{AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM} -When writing @file{configure.in} for a cross compilation tool, you will -need to use information about the target. To do this, put -@samp{AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM} in @file{configure.in}. - -@samp{AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM} will look for a @samp{--target} option and -canonicalize it using the @file{config.sub} shell script. It will also -run @samp{AC_CANONICAL_HOST} (@pxref{Using the Host Type}). - -The target type will be recorded in the following shell variables. Note -that the host versions of these variables will also be defined by -@samp{AC_CANONICAL_HOST}. - -@table @samp -@item target -The canonical configuration name of the target. -@item target_alias -The argument to the @samp{--target} option. If the user did not specify -a @samp{--target} option, this will be the same as @samp{host_alias}. -@item target_cpu -@itemx target_vendor -@itemx target_os -The first three parts of the canonical target configuration name. -@end table - -Note that if @samp{host} and @samp{target} are the same string, you can -assume a native configuration. If they are different, you can assume a -cross configuration. - -It is arguably possible for @samp{host} and @samp{target} to represent -the same system, but for the strings to not be identical. For example, -if @samp{config.guess} returns @samp{sparc-sun-sunos4.1.4}, and somebody -configures with @samp{--target sparc-sun-sunos4.1}, then the slight -differences between the two versions of SunOS may be unimportant for -your tool. However, in the general case it can be quite difficult to -determine whether the differences between two configuration names are -significant or not. Therefore, by convention, if the user specifies a -@samp{--target} option without specifying a @samp{--host} option, it is -assumed that the user wants to configure a cross compilation tool. - -The variables @samp{target} and @samp{target_alias} should be handled -differently. - -In general, whenever the user may actually see a string, -@samp{target_alias} should be used. This includes anything which may -appear in the file system, such as a directory name or part of a tool -name. It also includes any tool output, unless it is clearly labelled -as the canonical target configuration name. This permits the user to -use the @samp{--target} option to specify how the tool will appear to -the outside world. - -On the other hand, when checking for characteristics of the target -system, @samp{target} should be used. This is because a wide variety of -@samp{--target} options may map into the same canonical configuration -name. You should not attempt to duplicate the canonicalization done by -@samp{config.sub} in your own code. - -By convention, cross tools are installed with a prefix of the argument -used with the @samp{--target} option, also known as @samp{target_alias} -(@pxref{Using the Target Type}). If the user does not use the -@samp{--target} option, and thus is building a native tool, no prefix is -used. - -For example, if gcc is configured with @samp{--target mips-elf}, then -the installed binary will be named @samp{mips-elf-gcc}. If gcc is -configured without a @samp{--target} option, then the installed binary -will be named @samp{gcc}. - -The autoconf macro @samp{AC_ARG_PROGRAM} will handle this for you. If -you are using automake, no more need be done; the programs will -automatically be installed with the correct prefixes. Otherwise, see -the autoconf documentation for @samp{AC_ARG_PROGRAM}. - -@node Cross Tools in the Cygnus Tree -@section Cross Tools in the Cygnus Tree - -The Cygnus tree is used for various packages including gdb, the GNU -binutils, and egcs. It is also, of course, used for Cygnus releases. - -In the Cygnus tree, the top level @file{configure} script uses the old -Cygnus configure system, not autoconf. The top level @file{Makefile.in} -is written to build packages based on what is in the source tree, and -supports building a large number of tools in a single -@samp{configure}/@samp{make} step. - -The Cygnus tree may be configured with a @samp{--target} option. The -@samp{--target} option applies recursively to every subdirectory, and -permits building an entire set of cross tools at once. - -@menu -* Host and Target Libraries:: Host and Target Libraries. -* Target Library Configure Scripts:: Target Library Configure Scripts. -* Make Targets in Cygnus Tree:: Make Targets in Cygnus Tree. -* Target libiberty:: Target libiberty -@end menu - -@node Host and Target Libraries -@subsection Host and Target Libraries - -The Cygnus tree distinguishes host libraries from target libraries. - -Host libraries are built with the compiler used to build the programs -which run on the host, which is called the host compiler. This includes -libraries such as @samp{bfd} and @samp{tcl}. These libraries are built -with the host compiler, and are linked into programs like the binutils -or gcc which run on the host. - -Target libraries are built with the target compiler. If gcc is present -in the source tree, then the target compiler is the gcc that is built -using the host compiler. Target libraries are libraries such as -@samp{newlib} and @samp{libstdc++}. These libraries are not linked into -the host programs, but are instead made available for use with programs -built with the target compiler. - -For the rest of this section, assume that gcc is present in the source -tree, so that it will be used to build the target libraries. - -There is a complication here. The configure process needs to know which -compiler you are going to use to build a tool; otherwise, the feature -tests will not work correctly. The Cygnus tree handles this by not -configuring the target libraries until the target compiler is built. In -order to permit everything to build using a single -@samp{configure}/@samp{make}, the configuration of the target libraries -is actually triggered during the make step. - -When the target libraries are configured, the @samp{--target} option is -not used. Instead, the @samp{--host} option is used with the argument -of the @samp{--target} option for the overall configuration. If no -@samp{--target} option was used for the overall configuration, the -@samp{--host} option will be passed with the output of the -@file{config.guess} shell script. Any @samp{--build} option is passed -down unchanged. - -This translation of configuration options is done because since the -target libraries are compiled with the target compiler, they are being -built in order to run on the target of the overall configuration. By -the definition of host, this means that their host system is the same as -the target system of the overall configuration. - -The same process is used for both a native configuration and a cross -configuration. Even when using a native configuration, the target -libraries will be configured and built using the newly built compiler. -This is particularly important for the C++ libraries, since there is no -reason to assume that the C++ compiler used to build the host tools (if -there even is one) uses the same ABI as the g++ compiler which will be -used to build the target libraries. - -There is one difference between a native configuration and a cross -configuration. In a native configuration, the target libraries are -normally configured and built as siblings of the host tools. In a cross -configuration, the target libraries are normally built in a subdirectory -whose name is the argument to @samp{--target}. This is mainly for -historical reasons. - -To summarize, running @samp{configure} in the Cygnus tree configures all -the host libraries and tools, but does not configure any of the target -libraries. Running @samp{make} then does the following steps: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -Build the host libraries. -@item -Build the host programs, including gcc. Note that we call gcc both a -host program (since it runs on the host) and a target compiler (since it -generates code for the target). -@item -Using the newly built target compiler, configure the target libraries. -@item -Build the target libraries. -@end itemize - -The steps need not be done in precisely this order, since they are -actually controlled by @file{Makefile} targets. - -@node Target Library Configure Scripts -@subsection Target Library Configure Scripts - -There are a few things you must know in order to write a configure -script for a target library. This is just a quick sketch, and beginners -shouldn't worry if they don't follow everything here. - -The target libraries are configured and built using a newly built target -compiler. There may not be any startup files or libraries for this -target compiler. In fact, those files will probably be built as part of -some target library, which naturally means that they will not exist when -your target library is configured. - -This means that the configure script for a target library may not use -any test which requires doing a link. This unfortunately includes many -useful autoconf macros, such as @samp{AC_CHECK_FUNCS}. autoconf macros -which do a compile but not a link, such as @samp{AC_CHECK_HEADERS}, may -be used. - -This is a severe restriction, but normally not a fatal one, as target -libraries can often assume the presence of other target libraries, and -thus know which functions will be available. - -As of this writing, the autoconf macro @samp{AC_PROG_CC} does a link to -make sure that the compiler works. This may fail in a target library, -so target libraries must use a different set of macros to locate the -compiler. See the @file{configure.in} file[...] [diff truncated at 100000 bytes]