B12 Won the Pullitzer on the brain 🧠damage 😎 email below.
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From: <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, Jan 17, 2025, 3:18 AM
Subject: cypherpunks Digest, Vol 139, Issue 155
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Today's Topics:
1. FBI Has Warned Agents It Believes Hackers Stole Their Call Logs
(Gunnar Larson)
2. Rio Tinto, Glencore Discuss Potential Combination (Gunnar Larson)
3. Re: [ot][spam]gpt-4 completionsBB ([email protected])
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Message: 1
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2025 15:13:17 -0500
From: Gunnar Larson <[email protected]>
Subject: FBI Has Warned Agents It Believes Hackers Stole Their Call
Logs
To: cypherpunks <[email protected]>
Message-ID:
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boundary="0000000000005a26ef062bd86dde"
----- Bureau warned breach could expose informants, document shows
----- Hackers stole six months of customer text, call logs from AT&T
FBI Has Warned Agents It Believes Hackers Stole Their Call Logs
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-01-16/fbi-has-warned-agents-it-believes-hackers-stole-their-call-logs
FBI leaders have warned that they believe hackers who broke into AT&T
Inc.’s system last year stole months of their agents’ call and text logs,
setting off a race within the bureau to protect the identities of
confidential informants, a document reviewed by Bloomberg News shows.
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Message: 2
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2025 15:13:55 -0500
From: Gunnar Larson <[email protected]>
Subject: Rio Tinto, Glencore Discuss Potential Combination
To: cypherpunks <[email protected]>
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Rio Tinto, Glencore Discuss Potential Combination
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-01-16/rio-tinto-glencore-are-said-to-discuss-potential-combination
Rio Tinto Group and Glencore Plc have been discussing combining their
businesses, according to people familiar with the matter, in what could
result in the mining industry’s largest-ever deal.
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Message: 3
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 05:24:06 -0000
From: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [ot][spam]gpt-4 completionsBB
To: [email protected]
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
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ChatGPT 4o mini
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You said:
help me learn neuropsychological terms and analyses. please give short
replies, i only want to learn a little from each reply. is there a term for
when somebody tries to move their body, it moves in the opposite direction?
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Yes, that's called alien hand syndrome. It's a rare condition where a
person’s hand (or other part of the body) seems to act on its own, often
moving in the opposite direction of the person’s intentions. It’s usually
due to damage in the brain, often affecting the corpus callosum or frontal
lobes.
You said:
I was unaware of that syndrome, but I was thinking of another one, related
to larger motor choices of the body.
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Ah, you might be thinking of contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia. In
this condition, damage to one side of the brain (usually the motor cortex
or pathways) causes weakness or paralysis on the opposite side of the body.
So, if a person tries to move one side, it may involuntarily move in the
opposite direction or fail to move properly.
Does that sound closer?
You said:
That's not it either.
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Got it! You might be referring to mirror movement disorder. This is when
intentional movements of one side of the body cause involuntary movements
on the opposite side, such as when trying to move a hand and the other hand
mimics the movement or moves in the opposite direction. It's typically seen
in conditions like developmental mirror movements or in certain
neurological disorders.
You said:
What are the categories of these terms?
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Neuropsychological terms can generally be categorized into a few broad
groups:
Motor Disorders – These involve impairments or abnormalities in movement,
like apraxia (difficulty planning and executing voluntary movements) or
dyskinesia (involuntary movements).
Cognitive Disorders – These affect thinking, memory, attention, and
problem-solving, such as amnesia (memory loss) or dementia (decline in
cognitive function).
Perceptual Disorders – These involve disruptions in sensory perception,
such as agnosia (inability to recognize objects or faces) or hallucinations.
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders – These include conditions like anxiety,
depression, or personality disorders that arise from brain function changes.
Neurological Syndromes – These are clusters of symptoms that arise from
specific brain regions being damaged or dysfunctional, like Parkinson’s
disease or hemispatial neglect.
Language Disorders – These affect communication, such as aphasia (language
impairment) or dyslexia (reading disorder).
Would you like to explore a particular category in more detail?
You said:
Is there a naming system that is not focused on injury but rather function?
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Yes, there are naming systems that focus on function rather than injury.
One key framework is the functional neuropsychological classification. This
system groups conditions based on specific cognitive, motor, or perceptual
functions rather than the underlying cause or injury. Examples include:
Cognitive Functions – Conditions related to memory, attention, executive
function, etc.
Memory disorders (e.g., prospective memory loss), attention deficits (e.g.,
selective attention impairment), or executive dysfunction.
Motor Functions – Focuses on movement capabilities, like:
Akinetic mutism (lack of movement and speech despite intact motor pathways).
Dyspraxia (difficulty with motor planning and coordination).
Perceptual Functions – Disorders related to perception of sensory input.
Visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects despite intact vision).
Anosognosia (lack of awareness of a deficit).
This functional approach is often used in cognitive rehabilitation and
therapy to address specific deficits without necessarily focusing on the
cause (e.g., brain injury vs. developmental disorder).
You said:
I'm interested in disorders that relate to the opposite happening from the
intension. Somebody I met with dyskinesia described this a little bit.
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Ah, I see! You're referring to disorders where there's an involuntary
movement opposite to the person's intention. This phenomenon is typically
linked to dyskinesia or other motor control disorders, and a few specific
terms apply:
Dyskinesia – Involuntary, erratic movements that can be the opposite of a
person’s intended action. This is common in Parkinson's disease or as a
side effect of certain medications (like antipsychotics).
Paradoxical Movements – This term refers to situations where a person’s
body moves in the opposite direction of their intended action. It can
happen in conditions affecting the basal ganglia or cerebellum, where motor
planning and execution go awry.
Co-contraction – This occurs when muscles that should not contract together
(e.g., opposing muscles) do so, leading to abnormal, counteracting
movements. This is often seen in neurological conditions like cerebral
palsy or dystonia.
Dystonia – A movement disorder where muscles contract uncontrollably, often
resulting in abnormal postures or movements. Sometimes these movements can
appear as if they are the opposite of the intended action.
These disorders can cause a person to attempt one action but instead
experience movements that are opposite or interfere with their goal.
You said:
But the other things you mentioned could also make opposite motions? Are
there other parts of the human system that can experience a problem where
the opposite happens as what should?
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Yes, you're right—other conditions like dystonia, dyskinesia, and
co-contraction can also lead to opposite or conflicting movements. But when
you're thinking more broadly about the body, other systems can also
contribute to this paradoxical situation where the opposite happens:
Sensory-Motor Integration Failures – The brain integrates sensory input
with motor planning to execute smooth, intentional movements. If this
integration is disrupted (e.g., by somatosensory deficits or sensory
ataxia), a person might attempt to move in one direction, but the body
misinterprets or "misguides" the movement, causing the opposite action.
Cerebellar Dysfunction – The cerebellum is crucial for coordinating
voluntary movements and maintaining balance. If there's a problem here (as
in cerebellar ataxia), movements may become jerky, uncoordinated, or even
opposite to what is intended due to poor motor feedback and error
correction.
Basal Ganglia Dysfunction – The basal ganglia, involved in regulating
smooth, purposeful movement, can produce the opposite of intended actions
in conditions like Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease. This is
because of impaired signal processing in these brain areas, leading to
involuntary movements that contradict the intention.
Motor Planning and Execution (Apraxia) – In apraxia (especially ideomotor
apraxia), the brain struggles with the "how-to" of performing an action,
even though the intention is clear. A person might try to perform one
action (like reaching for an object), but the brain sends conflicting or
opposite motor commands, resulting in unintended movements.
Spinal Cord Reflexes – In some cases, the spinal cord’s reflexive actions
can override conscious control, causing muscles to contract in opposition
to voluntary movement. This can happen due to abnormal reflex activity in
conditions like spinal cord injury or spinal dystonia.
In essence, multiple areas of the brain and nervous system contribute to
coordinated movement, and when something goes wrong at any of these
stages—whether in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, or sensory
processing areas—it can lead to movements that are opposite to the intended
action.
Does that clarify the broader system of potential causes?
ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.
?
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