sigh.
i turned on tracing, after trying Pg and some other suggs, and the tracing showed me that there was a SECOND query in the perl code, which is a lot later in the file. that one, obviously, is munged. i can print the values returned from the query i posted. it was never the problem. sorry about that. well, at least the trace got me out of the fog. j. -- Jay Scott 512-835-3553 [EMAIL PROTECTED] Head of Sun Support, Sr. Operating Systems Specialist Applied Research Labs, Computer Science Div. S224 University of Texas at Austin