Jan. 19


CONNECTICUT----impending execution

Residents Agree With Rell: Let Ross Die


Gov. M. Jodi Rell's refusal to stop the execution of serial killer Michael
Ross has the approval of 81 percent of state residents, according to a
University of Connecticut poll released Tuesday.

In a related development, House Speaker James A. Amann, D-Milford, said
his own continuing poll of House Democrats is finding no significant
appetite for a death penalty debate before the scheduled execution of Ross
on Jan. 26.

Amann said he has spoken privately with 37 of the 98 members of the
Democratic majority and found that opinion is running 3-1 against holding
a floor debate in the remaining days over repealing capital punishment.

Many opponents of capital punishment, he said, told him that a repeal
effort tied to the Ross execution is doomed to fail - an opinion supported
by a new UConn poll conducted for The Courant.

The UConn poll found that 58 % of residents favor the death penalty and 33
% oppose it, which is generally consistent with past polls in Connecticut
and nationally.

The difference in the new poll is that support for the death penalty has
intensified - more people strongly support it - as Connecticut nears its
1st execution in nearly 45 years.

In a UConn poll in July 2003, the same percentage of respondents expressed
support for the death penalty as did so in the new poll.

But in 2003, 25 % said they strongly supported the death penalty, while 33
% said they somewhat supported it. Those percentages have flip-flopped: 34
%now strongly support the death penalty, and 24 % somewhat support it.

"If the focus on the Ross case has done anything, it has intensified
people's opinion about the death penalty," said Kenneth Dautrich, director
of the UConn poll.

The new poll also found the same contradictions evident in previous polls.
The support for the death penalty seems to waver when alternatives are
offered.

Only 32 % of residents said they supported the death penalty when asked if
the punishment for 1st-degree murder should be death, life in prison or
life in prison without possibility of parole. 58 % said they would prefer
one of the 2 life-sentence options.

Yet 76 % said they favored the execution of Ross, who has admitted his
guilt and dropped his appeals.

"Thinking about the specifics of this case, they overwhelmingly think
death is appropriate," Dautrich said.

He said he believes the findings show that a specific case will tend to
tilt people toward support of the death penalty.

Rell cannot commute a sentence of death, but she has the authority to
delay an execution. Last month, she announced that she would not halt the
Ross execution, and she promised to veto any bill repealing the death
penalty.

Amann said he would support a House debate on the issue if he believed one
was supported by his caucus.

Many opponents of the death penalty say repealing the law, which always
was a long shot, is an impossibility as long as the public equates capital
punishment with the Ross case.

That did not stop protesters Tuesday.

More than 30 opponents of capital punishment wandered the Capitol, urging
their local representatives to support abolition. They wore stickers that
said, "Don't kill in my name."

Complete poll results are available at www.ctnow.com.

*******************

Legal Wrangling Over Ross Continues


Attorney James Wade and the Missionary Society of Connecticut took a
different legal tack Tuesday to halt the execution of serial killer
Michael Ross scheduled one week from today, arguing the lack of written
regulations to commute a death sentence makes it impossible for the Board
of Pardons and Paroles to undertake a meaningful review.

"You can't kill Mr. Ross yet because you haven't got the regulations
together to do that properly," Wade argued to Superior Court Judge Robert
Beach Jr. in Hartford. "What's the rush?"

But the Missionary Society faces the same legal obstacle as the state's
public defenders, the American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut and
Ross' father, Dan Ross, in their efforts to stop the execution. Michael
Ross has been deemed mentally competent to forgo further appeals and opt
for death, and he does not want anyone intervening on his behalf.

Ross also is represented by private counsel, attorney T.R. Paulding, who
has guaranteed a legion of judges in recent weeks that he will immediately
notify the courts if Ross changes his mind.

The Missionary Society, a division of the Connecticut Conference of the
United Church of Christ, earlier this month formally requested a
commutation hearing in the Ross case, which was promptly denied. Gregory
Everett, chairman of the Board of Pardons and Paroles, told the society
the board would consider applications only from the condemned inmate or
his lawyer.

"The Missionary Society of Connecticut does not represent Mr. Ross and has
no standing to make such arguments on his behalf," Everett wrote.

Wade said the Missionary Society was not representing Ross, but the
interests of society as a whole. "Because they are killing him in our name
- in the name of everyone in the state of Connecticut. ... We are here
asking to advocate a matter that protects the public's interests as a
whole."

Wade noted there are provisions in state law for citizens to act as a
"special attorney general" to litigate public interest matters in the
absence of interest or action by public officials. The status has been
invoked primarily in environmental cases.

"Everything should come to a halt until they do their duty and adopt
regulations," Wade argued.

Assistant Attorney General Steven Strom, representing the board, said
there is no requirement that its members adopt regulations. Strom said the
board does have a policy - to entertain commutation requests from the
convict facing execution or his lawyer, and no one else.

The legislature last year combined the separate Board of Pardons and Board
of Parole into a single entity, effective last Oct. 1.

"In the past they had pretty much unfettered discretion to do whatever
they wanted to do," Beach noted.

"They still do," Strom asserted.

Strom also argued that Beach should dismiss the Missionary Society's
appeal under the Uniform Administrative Procedures Act, because the
organization did not exhaust its administrative remedies.

"If Attorney Wade was that concerned about the lack of regulations, he
could have petitioned the board back in October to adopt regulations,"
Strom said.

Wade said during the arguments that a clerk at the U.S. Supreme Court had
contacted him about the suit.

"They're interested in the case," Wade told Beach. "If I'm right, a delay
is just a delay, whereas failing to grant something is forever."

The U.S. Supreme Court routinely monitors state litigation in capital
cases in which an execution date is imminent, and has a specific clerk
assigned to the task. It is not clear whether the inquiry to Wade signals
any special interest the court has in the issues he has raised.

Strom insisted the Missionary Society's complaint doesn't raise any issues
of federal law. "There is no federal constitutional right to a pardon or
to a commutation," Strom said.

Paulding told Beach that Ross signed an affidavit Jan. 9 stating that he
does not want to ask the board to commute his death sentence to life in
prison.

"Whether there were or are regulations really is not relevant to him,"
Paulding said.

Beach said he will rule today on whether the Missionary Society is an
aggrieved party with legal standing to challenge the lack of regulations.

In other developments on the legal front Tuesday:

The Office of the Chief Public Defender and the Office of the Chief
State's Attorney filed briefs with the state Supreme Court on whether the
high court should dismiss the public defenders' 2nd petition challenging
the Dec. 28 ruling that Ross is mentally competent to proceed to his
execution. The Supreme Court last Friday denied a related challenge by the
public defenders, who had represented Ross for 17 years. The public
defenders were barred by Superior Court Judge Patrick Clifford in New
London from participating in the competency hearing because they no longer
represent Ross and Paulding does.

The public defenders also renewed their motion that the state Supreme
Court stay the execution.

Superior Court Judge Stanley T. Fuger Jr. in Rockville denied requests by
the public defenders and attorney Jon Schoenhorn, representing Dan Ross,
to reconsider his Jan. 3 ruling that they could not intervene and file a
habeas petition on Michael Ross' behalf. Fuger told Ross on Jan. 3 that he
had until 2 a.m. Jan. 26 - a minute before his scheduled execution - to
file a habeas petition. Fuger assured Ross he would grant a stay of
execution immediately.

If Beach rules the Missionary Society has no legal authority to challenge
the lack of regulations for commuting a death sentence, Wade has said he
will ask the state Supreme Court for an immediate review.

The last execution in Connecticut - and in New England, for that matter -
was that of Joseph "Mad Dog" Taborsky on May 17, 1960. Ross, 45, would
become the 1st in the state to be executed by lethal injection. He was
sentenced to death for the kidnap-murders of 4 young eastern Connecticut
women. He has admitted to strangling 8 women in all, after raping most of
them.

(source for both: Hartford Courant)

*********************

Settlement Reached In Lawsuit Over Access To Ross Execution Site


The state Department of Correction and several anti-death penalty
organizations have settled a federal lawsuit over where people can gather
to protest the Jan. 26 execution of condemned serial killer Michael Ross.

Both the DOC and the American Civil Liberties Union of Connecticut, which
represented the groups, confirmed Wednesday that the settlement had been
reached. However, they would not release details of the agreement until a
federal judge signed off on the deal.

The judge was expected to sign the agreement Wednesday afternoon.

But Brian Garnett, a DOC spokesman, said protesters will have "greater
access" to the execution site.

"This is a continuation of the efforts that the Department of Correction
has undertaken to reach out to and compromise with potential demonstrators
to ensure they can exercise their constitutional rights within the bounds
of safety and security," he said.

The groups, including the Connecticut Network to Abolish the Death
Penalty, claimed that the DOC's original plan to establish "protest zones"
in fields about 1.5 miles from the execution site violated their
constitutional right to free speech.

They filed a lawsuit in the New Haven U.S. District Court seeking to gain
access to the public roads leading to Osborn Correctional Institution in
Somers, where Ross is scheduled to die by lethal injection just after 2
a.m. on Jan. 26.

"Our purpose is to be heard, not to stand in a field," Robert Nave,
executive director of the Connecticut Network to Abolish the Death
Penalty, said last week. He has accused the state of trying to "sanitize"
the execution - the first in Connecticut since 1960.

Nave was expected to comment on the new arrangements Wednesday afternoon.

Ross, 45, has admitted killing 8 women in Connecticut and New York, and is
on death row for the murders of 4 young women in eastern Connecticut in
the 1980s. He also raped most of the women.

(source: Associated Press)






CALIFORNIA:

Defense wants probe into DA leaks


Defense attorneys want to question current and past employees of the
District Attorney's Office under oath to find out whether they leaked
confidential information to the media about an upcoming death-penalty
trial. Lawyers for triple-murder suspect Jimmy Dale Kelley want county
prosecutors thrown off the case, claiming the leaks may be part of an
unethical campaign to harm Kelley's defense efforts.

Among those the defense wants to question is former Deputy District
Attorney Grover D. Merritt, who was fired in October ostensibly over
allegations that he was the source of the leak.

Also on the list is Rebecca Rinkes, a secretary in the District Attorney's
Office who was involved in a 1986 car crash with Kelley that killed one of
her passengers and injured another.

Merritt, Rinkes and other employees of the District Attorney's Office
could be called to testify at a hearing for Kelley on Jan. 27 in San
Bernardino Superior Court.

Deputy Public Defender Joe Canty declined to comment on behalf of Kelley
on Tuesday. Prosecutors said the defense would find no evidence of a
campaign of bias because there is none.

"They had to bring this out of an abundance of caution,' Deputy District
Attorney Michael McDowell said. "I just don't think it's going to fly.'

Prosecutors say Kelley, 36, and Kimberly Jayne Michaud, 29, shot and
killed Patty Crevoisier, 49, William Landers, 43, and Ward Phillips, 37,
on Jan. 25 at Crevoisier's home on Joshua View Drive in Yucca Valley.
Authorities suspect the two knew Crevoisier and went to her Yucca Valley
home intent on robbing her. Kelley's lawyers claim he has not been treated
the same as other defendants. They say the District Attorney's Office
rushed to announce it would seek the death penalty.

The defense is also concerned about the sources of several newspaper
articles published about the case in the spring.

One, published by Valley Wide Newspapers a chain of small papers in the
High Desert cited a confidential internal memo from the District
Attorney's Office quoting the rationale for seeking the death penalty.

Such documents are not public record.

Kelley's attorneys say in their filings that they want to call Merritt and
Rinkes to the witness stand, as well as Deputy District Attorney Julie
Peterson, who is prosecuting the case, and Supervising Deputy District
Attorney Linda Root, who oversaw the filing of charges.

Merritt's firing in October shocked the local legal community. He was
highly regarded for his work ethic and keen legal mind.

He confirmed on Tuesday that he received a subpoena but declined to
comment further. He has denied being the source of the leak and has
requested a public hearing to appeal his firing.

Valley Wide Newspapers has also denied Grover was their source, hinting
that they obtained their information via a backdoor in the district
attorney's computer system.

Rinkes apparently was the driver of a car in 1986 that was hit by Kelley.
The woman's nephew was killed in the crash and her son was injured,
according to court records.

Kelley was later convicted of vehicular manslaughter and driving under the
influence for the crash.

Rinkes was not reached for comment Tuesday.

(source: San Bernardino County Sun)

****************

Death penalty sought for suspect in Ruiz murders<>P>

Prosecutors said Tuesday they plan to seek the death penalty against a
South Whittier man accused of murdering a neighbor and 3 members of the
neighbor's family more than 2 years ago.

Family and friends of the victims and defendant Alfonso Ignacio Morales,
26, came to Norwalk Court on Tuesday expecting to see the start of jury
selection or witness the judge make decisions about the evidence that will
be introduced at the trial.

Neither of those things happened.

Instead, Judge Michael A. Cowell granted a defense attorney's request for
additional time to file motions.

Morales' trial is now set to start with jury selection Feb. 22, court
officials said.

Morales is accused of killing Miguel "Mike' Ruiz Jr., 37, and Ruiz's wife,
grandmother and 8- year-old daughter at their Gunn Avenue home in July
2002.

The case has taken more than 2 1/2 years to prepare because of the extent
of the evidence, the fact that there were multiple slayings and the
possibility of the death penalty, said Deputy District Attorney Alva Lin,
who is prosecuting the case with Deputy District Attorney Phil Glaviano.

In court Tuesday, Deputy Public Defender Jerry Weil said he had just
received a stack of evidence documents from the prosecution team. He
anticipated filing more motions, depending on the information. Cowell gave
him until Feb. 2 to do so.

Lin said the documents included duplicates of reports already handed over
to the defense and additional notes made by fingerprint technicians and
other crime lab personnel.

Cowell said at the next court appearance he will listen to arguments about
evidence and issue rulings on any outstanding motions.

On July 13, 2002, a relative discovered the bodies of Mike Ruiz Jr., his
wife, Maritza Trejo, 41, his grandmother, Ana Louisa Martinez, 79, and the
couple's daughter Jasmine.

A medical examiner said the little girl had been sexually assaulted and
asphyxiated. The adults were stabbed to death.

Homicide detectives have said Morales and Mike Ruiz had been friends. Ruiz
was teaching Morales how to repair computers in his spare time.

Witnesses told investigators that the two had an argument over money and,
about 2 weeks before the killings, Ruiz banned Morales from the Ruiz
family home, detectives said.

(source: Whittier Daily News)






MONTANA:

Judge rejects death-row inmate's appeal


In helena, a federal judge has rejected death-row inmate William
Gollehon's recent attempt to overturn one of his murder convictions.

His attorney, Michael Donahoe, said U.S. District Judge Charles Lovell's
ruling will be appealed to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

In a ruling released Tuesday, Lovell concluded that none of the many
arguments raised by Donahoe about the 1991 murder trial were enough to
overturn Gollehon's conviction in the baseball bat beating death of fellow
inmate Gerald Pileggi.

Gollehon is 1 of 4 inmates on Montana's death row. He has been convicted
of 7 murders -- including that of a Billings woman in 1985 and 5 men who
were killed during the 1991 Montana State Prison riot.

In an October hearing, Donahoe argued that Gollehon's constitutional
rights were violated during the Pileggi trial.

The alleged violations include allowing potential jurors to be dismissed
based on their feelings about the death penalty; double jeopardy, because
the jury had to acquit Gollehon of murder before they could find him
guilty of murder by accountability; and not being able to delve into the
criminal background of the two inmates who testified against Gollehon.

In his 48-page ruling, Lovell wrote that the previous judge, jury and
prosecutors had all followed the law.

Lovell said state law allow prospective jurors to be excluded from sitting
on a jury if they couldn't convict a person, regardless of the evidence in
the case, because they oppose the death penalty.

Lovell said a juror was dismissed because she could not "assure the court
that she (would) obey the court's instructions and follow the law."

Lovell also rejected the double jeopardy argument.

"The Montana Supreme Court ruled that "Deliberate Homicide by
Accountability" is not a separate crime from "Deliberate Homicide," but is
merely a factual variation that can be used to prove the offense," Lovell
wrote. "It is unfortunate that the verdict form required the jurors to
mark the "not guilty" box for Count I if they desired to mark the "guilty"
box for Count II, but if this is an error, it is one merely of form and
not at all of substance."

Gollehon also argued that if he might not have been found guilty of murder
if he had been allowed to argue that the prison housed one of the inmates
testifying against him in the Powell County Jail for his protection.

Lovell rejected that theory, stating that "providing housing in the local
jail to J.D. Armstrong was probably the only way to guarantee safety to
J.D. Armstrong, given the conduct of (Gollehon) during the prison riot
just days before Pileggi trial," Lovell wrote. He also noted that
Armstrong testified that he had been promised safety in exchange for his
testimony.

Lovell also threw out a claim that Gollehon didn't get a fair trial
because he wasn't able to bring up one of the witnesses' criminal
background. Lovell said the jury knew the pertinent information about the
witness' past, and his convictions for burglary and theft weren't relevant
to the trial issues.

(source: Associated Press)






PENNSYLVANIA:

To Die For?----Dying for the lack of a good lawyer.


In January 1988, Ronald Rompilla entered the Cozy Corner Caf in Allentown,
Penn., stabbed the proprietor, James Scanlon, then set him on fire.
Rompilla was tried for murder before a jury, and at the penalty phase the
prosecutor sought to introduce evidence of Rompilla's prior violent felony
conviction for the rape and stabbing of another bar owner as an
aggravating factor that would lead to imposition of the death penalty. In
his closing arguments, the prosecutor scared the pants off the jurors:

But isn't it frightening, the similarity between that case and this case
... he slashes [the woman] in the breast with a knife. He uses a knife on
Jimmy Scanlon. It's absolutely frightening to think of the similarities in
those two crimes. But there is one difference, one major difference, [the
woman] lived through her experience. Jimmy Scanlon didn't. ... Rompilla
had learned a lesson ... don't leave anybody behind that can testify
against you.

As it began its deliberations, the jury sent out a series of questions to
the judge, including one asking whether there was any chance of Rompilla
ever being paroled. Even though Pennsylvania law required a life sentence
without a chance of parole, the judge refused to answer the jury's
inquiries, and the jury ultimately voted for the death penalty. One of the
questions the court needs to address this morning is whether the
prosecution's words to the jury constituted a warning about his "future
dangerousness." If it did, Rompilla argues that under a 1994 case, Simmons
v. South Carolina, the jury needed to be instructed that life without
parole was a sure thing.

But that's not all.

Rompilla also has a claim of ineffectiveness of counsel. His trial lawyers
failed to investigate or present to the jury a set of prior criminal
records, detailing a slew of mitigating factors, including his alcoholism,
mental retardation, and traumatic childhood. The jurors sentenced him to
death after finding several aggravating factors and without hearing about
consequential mitigating ones.

Rompilla lost in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court twice before filing a
habeas corpus petition in federal district court. He lost there on the
issue of jury instructions but won his claim of ineffective counsel. The
3rd Circuit Court of Appeals reversed that decision, reinstating the death
penalty and finding that trial counsel's performance was adequate and that
the prosecutor's words at closing did not constitute an argument about
future dangerousness. Which brings us all back to the Supreme Court, where
Rompilla faces either execution or a lifetime in prison.

Billy H. Nolas is an assistant federal defender, and he opens with the
ineffective counsel claim. Rompilla must show that his lawyers didn't just
make tactical errors, but that their representation was inadequate. Nolas
argues that the trial lawyers "didn't secure a single piece of paper" to
investigate possible mitigating factors.

Justice Anthony Kennedy stops him: "Are you asking for a constitutional
rule that counsel has to get paper records?" He adds that the defense put
on three forensic mental-health experts who didn't think they needed to
look at those prior records either.

Nolas replies that those 3 experts were not asked to develop evidence of
mitigating evidence - they were supposed to evaluate whether Rompilla was
mentally fit to stand trial. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor points out that
counsel also "made use of 4 relatives of the defendant ... wouldn't a
reasonable person think that was enough?" Nolas replies that those
relatives couldn't illuminate Rompilla's terrible past because, among
other things, members of dysfunctional families "don't want to talk about
it."

Justice David Souter notes that one of the three mental-health experts had
suggested following up on Rompilla's alcoholism. "Was anything done about
that?" (No). Then Ginsburg adds that the relevant file with all the
un-pursued mitigating evidence was "in the very same courthouse" Rompilla
was tried in. Nolas enthusiastically adds that the file would have
revealed Rompilla's dismal test scores, diagnoses of schizophrenia and
paranoia, and the fact that he was raised in a slum by a neglectful
mother.

Justice John Paul Stevenswho has taken to lobbing a lot of softballs of
late-adds, "You're telling us that all this information would have been in
that file and his lawyers didn't even look at that file?"

Nolas turns to the jury instruction issue, and O'Connor points out that
the prosecutor never "expressly" warned the jurors of Rompilla's future
dangerousness. Neither Kennedy nor Justice Antonin Scalia believes that
the prosecution comments were even implicit warnings of future
dangerousness. The language about his past killings and how he learned to
leave no witnesses show only "depravity" according to Scalia. "Of course
jurors will be scared of him."

Nolas points out that it was clear from the jury questions about the
possibility of parole that "they got the message of future dangerousness."

Amy Zapp is the Chief Deputy Attorney General from Harrisonburg, Penn.,
and Souter corners her for a lengthy back-and-forth about whether
prosecutors need to actually use the "talismanic wordsfuture
dangerousness" in order to give jurors the message that someone needs to
be locked up for life or executed. "This isn't about generalized badness,"
he says. It's a warning of "criminal recidivism. It's closer to the
explicit argument that he'll do it again." Replies Zapp, "We're only
talking about 2 episodes. ..."

Stevens wants to get back to the ineffectiveness of counsel argument. "I
am sympathetic," he says, "to busy lawyers preparing for a case. But when
the prosecutor said he would use these files to show aggravating factors,
and if defense counsel had examined those files they'd find a wealth of
mitigating evidence. ... "

"But not all records are equal," says Zapp. "They thought they knew
everything in it." The oddity of these ineffective counsel cases lies in
watching the opposing side argue so zealously that defense counsel were
glittering legal stars at trial.

Breyer re-asks Stevens' question for him, but at great length, and using
the words "horrendous" several times. It's clear that he, Stevens,
Ginsburg, and Souter think these were some seriously crap lawyers. Zapp's
response is that counsel had interviewed Rompilla and they thought that
was enough.

Kennedy observes that this is an "argument for serendipity. If you don't
look at the record for one reason, it's ok not to look at it for another."

Traci I. Lovitt is given 10 minutes to represent the Justice Department,
and she chooses to wear the SG office's full gray frock coat costume in
which to do so. Lovitt argues that it's not obvious that looking at old
court records would have been superior to what trial counsel actually did
- which was hire three experts, all of whom, she claims, were charged with
developing mitigating evidence and not just determining whether Rompilla
was competent to stand trial. The lawyers interviewed Rompilla and some of
his family, who told them nothing. They had done enough.

Today's case isn't all that significant, really. For one thing, a jury
instruction decision will only affect Pennsylvania. And this is just one
of thousands of claims about inadequate trial lawyers that capital
defendants put forward. The press gallery is virtually empty.

Ineffective assistance of counsel cases are depressingly like medical
malpractice cases: You can always go back and find something that could
have been done better in hindsight. Overworked, stressed-out capital
defense lawyers have limited time and resources. But the key difference
between ineffective assistance of counsel cases and medical malpractice
cases is this: If you find the physician wasn't negligent, you don't go
back and kill the patient. Whereas if the court determines Rompilla's
lawyers did an even minimally competent job at trial, he'll die.

(source: The Slate; Dahlia Lithwick is a Slate senior editor)

***************

High court appears split on Pa. death-row inmate


The Supreme Court appeared split yesterday over the fate of a Pennsylvania
death-row inmate, as justices considered whether his jury was given poor
instructions, and whether his lawyers did a poor job defending him.

For Ronald Rompilla, 56, who beat, stabbed and burned an Allentown man to
death in 1988, the high court's decision could mean the difference between
a new hearing and a date with the executioner.

For the justices, the case, Rompilla v. Beard, is one in a long line
examining how the death penalty is meted out in this country. The court
has significantly transformed capital punishment in recent years,
outlawing executions of mentally retarded inmates and tightening standards
for defense lawyers.

But during yesterday's arguments, at least one justice who has supported
prior changes, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, seemed skeptical of Rompilla's
case.

Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, a swing vote in death-penalty cases, was
mostly quiet.

Billy Nolas, the federal public defender handling Rompilla's case, argued
that his client was wronged when jurors were not told he could never be
paroled from a life sentence for the crimes.

Nolas also said Rompilla's lawyers failed him when they declined to look
into his school and mental-health records for evidence that could have
persuaded the jury to spare his life.

But Pennsylvania Deputy Attorney General Amy Zapp said Rompilla's lawyers
had done a lot of research on their client's background and made a
strategic choice not to do more, thinking that nothing in his past would
help his case. The federal government is backing the state on that
position.

Zapp also said the jury did not have to be told about the optional
punishment of life without parole, because prosecutors never explicitly
argued that Rompilla should be executed to prevent him from killing again.

"The words in this case did not tell the jury to take future dangerousness
into account," Zapp told the justices. To trigger a requirement that a
jury be told that life without parole is an option, prosecutors have to
contend that a defendant is likely to kill again, she said.

In some ways, Rompilla's case indicates how focused the high court's
death-penalty review has become. The justices already made clear in 1994
and 2002 that jurors must be informed about life without parole even when
prosecutors only hint that a defendant could be dangerous in the future.
And a 2003 ruling in Wiggins v. Smith said defense attorneys must conduct
a "thorough investigation" of a client's background to find "all
reasonably available mitigating evidence."

The questions in Rompilla's case are whether the 1994 and 2002 rulings
apply to the specific and peculiar circumstances of his case, and whether
his lawyers - who did investigate his background but missed critical
information - met the standards set by the 2003 ruling.

It was clear yesterday that Justices Stephen G. Breyer, Ruth Bader
Ginsburg, David H. Souter and John Paul Stevens - all leaders of the
court's death-penalty reform efforts - were leaning in Rompilla's favor.

Souter pressed Zapp on her insistence that prosecutors were not really
arguing that Rompilla would be a future danger when they listed his prior
crimes and harped on the brutality of the 1988 murder of Jim Scanlon.

"This was a specific argument that says: 'He has done this twice, it's
recidivism and he's getting better at it,'" Souter said. "It's not a
general argument that he's a bad person."

Breyer said it seemed incredible that Rompilla's lawyers had not found out
about the abuse he suffered as a child, because it was referred to in
documents they could have obtained from prosecutors, but didn't.

"The document says, 'Ronald comes from the notorious Rompilla family,' and
then it goes on to say why they were so notorious," Breyer said.

Kennedy and O'Connor, who both supported the toughening of standards in
the earlier court cases, expressed concerns yesterday that by overturning
Rompilla's death sentence they would be broadening those protections too
much.

Without either Kennedy or O'Connor, Rompilla's appeal will fail.

A ruling is expected by late June.

(source: Philadelphia Inquirer)



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