Perfect... Now I have to use superuser powers in order to just re-format or
even re-label USB-media, and lose the possibility to exposure¹ live
USB-media
to virtual machine (say, VirtualBox) to boot from it.
And that is (as far as I can see the matter) just because a debian-specific
patch named ‘debian_rules’ was dropped accidentally during merging
source code
of ‘udev’ with ‘systemd’.
Thanks, quidame, for suggesting ‘bilibop’, but I found it too
complicated for
such a simple task.
Until the ruleset is put back to package (I hope for that), I’d prefer more
obvious workaround on user’s side: just put ‘91-permissions.rules’ from
Wheezy
to ‘/etc/udev/rules.d/’. It’s listed below.
One could notice, that it also contains useful rules about printers, video
devices, cdroms, modems, etc, which were collected for years and now are
also
wasted.
ACTION=="remove", GOTO="permissions_end"
# default permissions for block devices
SUBSYSTEM=="block", GROUP="disk"
SUBSYSTEM=="block", ATTRS{removable}=="1", GROUP="floppy"
# the aacraid driver is broken and reports the disks as removable
(see #404927)
SUBSYSTEM=="block", DRIVERS=="aacraid", GROUP="disk"
# all block devices on these buses are "removable"
SUBSYSTEM=="block", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb|ieee1394|mmc|pcmcia",
GROUP="floppy"
KERNEL=="cbm", GROUP="floppy"
# IDE devices
ENV{ID_CDROM}=="?*", GROUP="cdrom"
KERNEL=="ht[0-9]*", GROUP="tape"
KERNEL=="nht[0-9]*", GROUP="tape"
# SCSI devices
SUBSYSTEM=="scsi_generic|scsi_tape", \
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{type}=="1|8", GROUP="tape"
SUBSYSTEM=="scsi_generic", \
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{type}=="4|5", GROUP="cdrom"
# USB devices
KERNEL=="legousbtower*", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="lp[0-9]*", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", GROUP="lp"
# hplip and cups 1.4+ use raw USB devices, so permissions should be
similar to
# the ones from the old usblp kernel module
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", \
ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACES}=="", IMPORT{builtin}="usb_id"
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", \
ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACES}=="*:0701??:*", GROUP="lp"
# usbfs-like devices
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", \
MODE="0664"
# serial devices
SUBSYSTEM=="tty", GROUP="dialout"
SUBSYSTEM=="capi", GROUP="dialout"
SUBSYSTEM=="slamr", GROUP="dialout"
SUBSYSTEM=="zaptel", GROUP="dialout"
KERNEL=="mISDNtimer", GROUP="dialout"
KERNEL=="mwave", GROUP="dialout"
KERNEL=="hvc*|hvsi*", GROUP="dialout"
# vc devices (all members of the tty subsystem)
KERNEL=="ptmx", MODE="0666", GROUP="root"
KERNEL=="console", MODE="0600", GROUP="root"
KERNEL=="tty", MODE="0666", GROUP="root"
KERNEL=="tty[0-9]*", GROUP="root"
KERNEL=="pty*", MODE="0666", GROUP="tty"
# video devices
SUBSYSTEM=="video4linux", GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="drm", GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="dvb", GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="em8300", GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="graphics", GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="nvidia", GROUP="video"
# misc devices
KERNEL=="random", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="urandom", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="mem", MODE="0640", GROUP="kmem"
KERNEL=="kmem", MODE="0640", GROUP="kmem"
KERNEL=="port", MODE="0640", GROUP="kmem"
KERNEL=="nvram", MODE="0640", GROUP="kmem"
KERNEL=="full", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="null", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="zero", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="inotify", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="sonypi", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="cpu[0-9]*", MODE="0444"
KERNEL=="agpgart", GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="pmu", GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="kqemu", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="tun", MODE="0666",
OPTIONS+="static_node=net/tun"
KERNEL=="rfkill", MODE="0644"
KERNEL=="cdemu[0-9]*", GROUP="cdrom"
KERNEL=="pktcdvd[0-9]*", GROUP="cdrom"
KERNEL=="pktcdvd", MODE="0644"
# printers and parallel devices
SUBSYSTEM=="printer", GROUP="lp"
SUBSYSTEM=="ppdev", GROUP="lp"
KERNEL=="irlpt[0-9]*", GROUP="lp"
KERNEL=="pt[0-9]*", GROUP="tape"
KERNEL=="pht[0-9]*", GROUP="tape"
# sound devices
SUBSYSTEM=="sound", GROUP="audio",
OPTIONS+="static_node=snd/seq", OPTIONS+="static_node=snd/timer"
# ieee1394 devices
SUBSYSTEM=="firewire", ATTR{units}=="*0x00a02d:0x00010*",
GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="firewire", ATTR{units}=="*0x00b09d:0x00010*",
GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="firewire", ATTR{units}=="*0x00a02d:0x010001*",
GROUP="video"
SUBSYSTEM=="firewire", ATTR{units}=="*0x00a02d:0x014001*",
GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="raw1394", GROUP="disk"
KERNEL=="dv1394-[0-9]*", GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="video1394-[0-9]*", GROUP="video"
# input devices
KERNEL=="event[0-9]*", ATTRS{name}=="*dvb*|*DVB*|* IR *" \
MODE="0664", GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="js[0-9]*", MODE="0664"
KERNEL=="event[0-9]*", ENV{ID_CLASS}=="joystick", \
MODE="0664", GROUP="audio"
KERNEL=="lirc[0-9]*", GROUP="video"
KERNEL=="mmtimer", MODE="0644"
KERNEL=="sgi_*", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="z90crypt", MODE="0666"
KERNEL=="iseries/ibmsis*", GROUP="disk"
KERNEL=="iseries/nvt*", GROUP="disk"
KERNEL=="iseries/vt*", GROUP="disk"
KERNEL=="iseries/vtty*", GROUP="dialout"
# AOE character devices
SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", MODE="0220", GROUP="disk"
SUBSYSTEM=="aoe", KERNEL=="err", MODE="0440", GROUP="disk"
LABEL="permissions_end"
---
¹ I mean something like this:
$ VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename raw-sdb.vmdk
-rawdisk /dev/sdb
--
Dmitry Alexandrov.
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