I have finally had some time to verify; by adding the byte-swapped version of my colorimeter's USB Vendor and Product ID's, Argyll enumerates it and lets me use it. 0765:5020 became 6507:2050.
Spotread appears to be giving correct results, given that they are about the same on average as when I run it on an x86 system. This makes me believe that this may be the only big endian issue, but there is plenty I have not tested (including all other colorimeters and spectrometers Argyll supports). In summary, Argyll needs to either change how it retrieves the VID and PID to avoid things like memcpy(), or it needs to swap the bytes internally for big endian platforms.