I also have this issue but it is with the audit plugin, and it impacts MariaDB 
upgrades over apt, rather than an install of MariaDB from scratch.

I receive this message in the syslog from mariadb-server-10.3.postinst

Installation of system tables failed! ...

In /var/log/mysql/error.log, I see this:

[ERROR] mysqld: Can't open shared library '/usr/server_audit.so' (errno: 22, 
cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory)
[ERROR] Couldn't load plugins from 'server_audit.so'.
[ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 
'server_audit=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT'[ERROR] Aborting

The database server continues to function correctly after the service starts. 
The audit plugin is functional outside of the postinst script. This issue has 
happened for about a year or two and I never noticed any issues otherwise. I 
was concerned about a new patch adding newly required system tables failing, 
such as with an upgrade from Buster to Bullseye, etc.

I am unsure if this is the exact same issue as this big. If not, let me know 
and I can open a new bug report.

On a mostly normal Buster:
dpkg -l | grep maria

ii libmariadb3:amd64 1:10.4.14+maria~buster amd64 MariaDB database client 
library
ii mariadb-client-10.3 1:10.3.39-0+deb10u2 amd64 MariaDB database client 
binaries
ii mariadb-client-core-10.3 1:10.3.39-0+deb10u2 amd64 MariaDB database core 
client binaries
ii mariadb-common 1:10.4.14+maria~buster all MariaDB database common files 
(e.g. /etc/mysql/conf.d/mariadb.cnf)
ii mariadb-server 1:10.3.39-0+deb10u2 all MariaDB database server (metapackage 
depending on the latest version)
ii mariadb-server-10.3 1:10.3.39-0+deb10u2 amd64 MariaDB database server 
binaries
ii mariadb-server-core-10.3 1:10.3.39-0+deb10u2 amd64 MariaDB database core 
server files
ii mysql-common 1:10.4.14+maria~buster all MariaDB database common files (e.g. 
/etc/mysql/my.cnf)

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