Package: less
Version: 643-1
Severity: minor
Tags: patch
* What led up to the situation?
Checking for defects with
[test-]groff -mandoc -t -K utf8 -rF0 -rHY=0 -ww -b -z < "man page"
[test-groff is a script in the repository for "groff"] (local copy and
"troff" slightly changed by me).
* What was the outcome of this action?
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':127
troff:<stdin>:127: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':213
troff:<stdin>:213: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':242
troff:<stdin>:242: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':466
troff:<stdin>:466: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':619
troff:<stdin>:619: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':662
troff:<stdin>:662: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':666
troff:<stdin>:666: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':667
troff:<stdin>:667: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':678
troff:<stdin>:678: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':679
troff:<stdin>:679: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':699
troff:<stdin>:699: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':700
troff:<stdin>:700: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':702
troff:<stdin>:702: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':706
troff:<stdin>:706: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':716
troff:<stdin>:716: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':720
troff:<stdin>:720: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':726
troff:<stdin>:726: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':728
troff:<stdin>:728: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':815
troff:<stdin>:815: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':846
troff:<stdin>:846: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':848
troff:<stdin>:848: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':856
troff:<stdin>:856: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':858
troff:<stdin>:858: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':888
troff:<stdin>:888: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':990
troff:<stdin>:990: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':993
troff:<stdin>:993: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1003
troff:<stdin>:1003: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1046
troff:<stdin>:1046: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1166
troff:<stdin>:1166: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1171
troff:<stdin>:1171: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1174
troff:<stdin>:1174: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1193
troff:<stdin>:1193: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1195
troff:<stdin>:1195: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1200
troff:<stdin>:1200: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1203
troff:<stdin>:1203: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1211
troff:<stdin>:1211: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1216
troff:<stdin>:1216: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1218
troff:<stdin>:1218: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1221
troff:<stdin>:1221: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1228
troff:<stdin>:1228: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1233
troff:<stdin>:1233: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1236
troff:<stdin>:1236: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1243
troff:<stdin>:1243: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1284
troff:<stdin>:1284: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1296
troff:<stdin>:1296: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1318
troff:<stdin>:1318: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1332
troff:<stdin>:1332: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1344
troff:<stdin>:1344: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1365
troff:<stdin>:1365: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1367
troff:<stdin>:1367: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1667
troff:<stdin>:1667: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1669
troff:<stdin>:1669: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1842
troff:<stdin>:1842: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2098
troff:<stdin>:2098: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2268
troff:<stdin>:2268: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2293
troff:<stdin>:2293: warning: trailing space in the line
* What outcome did you expect instead?
No output (no warnings).
-.-
General remarks and further material, if a diff-file exist, are in the
attachments.
-- System Information:
Debian Release: trixie/sid
APT prefers testing
APT policy: (500, 'testing')
Architecture: amd64 (x86_64)
Kernel: Linux 6.10.9-amd64 (SMP w/2 CPU threads; PREEMPT)
Locale: LANG=is_IS.iso88591, LC_CTYPE=is_IS.iso88591 (charmap=ISO-8859-1),
LANGUAGE not set
Shell: /bin/sh linked to /usr/bin/dash
Init: sysvinit (via /sbin/init)
Versions of packages less depends on:
ii libc6 2.40-2
ii libtinfo6 6.5-2
less recommends no packages.
less suggests no packages.
-- no debconf information
Any program (person), that produces man pages, should check its content for
defects by using
groff -mandoc -t -ww -b -z [ -K utf8 | k ] <man page>
The same goes for man pages that are used as an input.
For a style guide use
mandoc -T lint
-.-
So any 'generator' should check its products with the above mentioned
'groff', 'mandoc', and additionally with 'nroff ...'.
This is just a simple quality control measure.
The 'generator' may have to be corrected to get a better man page,
the source file may, and any additional file may.
Common defects:
Input text line longer than 80 bytes.
Not removing trailing spaces (in in- and output).
The reason for these trailing spaces should be found and eliminated.
Not beginning each input sentence on a new line.
Lines should thus be shorter.
See man-pages(7), item 'semantic newline'.
-.-
The difference between the formatted outputs can be seen with:
nroff -mandoc <file1> > <out1>
nroff -mandoc <file2> > <out2>
diff -u <out1> <out2>
and for groff, using
"printf '%s\n%s\n' '.kern 0' '.ss 12 0' | groff -mandoc -Z - "
instead of \'nroff -mandoc\'
Add the option \'-t\', if the file contains a table.
Read the output of \'diff -u\' with \'less -R\' or similar.
-.-.
If \'man\' (man-db) is used to check the manual for warnings,
the following must be set:
The option "-warnings=w"
The environmental variable:
export MAN_KEEP_STDERR=yes (or any non-empty value)
or
(produce only warnings):
export MANROFFOPT="-ww -b -z"
export MAN_KEEP_STDERR=yes (or any non-empty value)
-.-.
Output from "mandoc -T lint less.1": (possibly shortened list)
mandoc: less.1:127:61: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:213:65: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:242:77: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:245:9: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:466:28: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:619:61: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:644:9: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:660:91: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: The
uppercase letter...
mandoc: less.1:662:39: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:666:67: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:667:51: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:678:59: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:679:55: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:699:74: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:700:65: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:702:68: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:706:59: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:716:22: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:720:5: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:726:73: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:728:59: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:815:45: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:846:42: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:848:13: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:856:38: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:858:10: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:888:26: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:990:56: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:993:46: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1003:61: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1046:5: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1166:73: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1171:36: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1174:68: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1193:67: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1195:61: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1200:51: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1203:26: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1211:60: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1216:62: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1218:51: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1221:81: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: Sets the
minimum wid...
mandoc: less.1:1221:81: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1227:9: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1228:66: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1229:16: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1233:63: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1236:43: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1243:31: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1284:60: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1296:66: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1318:45: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1332:31: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1344:33: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1365:49: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1367:4: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1490:106: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: looks for
a lesskey ...
mandoc: less.1:1667:52: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1669:55: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:1842:29: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:2098:47: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:2237:20: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:2268:59: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:2293:25: STYLE: whitespace at end of input line
mandoc: less.1:2297:100: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: Possible
location of...
mandoc: less.1:2299:100: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: Possible
location of...
-.-.
Remove space characters at the end of lines.
Use "git apply ... --whitespace=fix" to fix extra space issues, or use
global configuration "core.whitespace".
127:will automatically stop waiting for data when the input side
213:By default, searching is case-sensitive (uppercase and lowercase
242:Only text which has a non-empty match for the N-th parenthesized
SUB-PATTERN
245:.B less
466:Similar to the "!" command,
619:\fBx\fP is a single character which selects the type of text
644:.B less
662:the uppercase letter takes precedence.
666:The "d" and "u" letters refer to bold and underline text formed by
667:overstriking with backspaces (see the \-U option),
678:A 4-bit color string is zero, one or two characters, where
679:the first character specifies the foreground color and
699:For example, \-DNGk displays line numbers as bright green text on a black
700:background, and \-DEbR displays error messages as blue text on a
702:If either character is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color
706:where the first integer specifies the foreground color and
716:On MS-DOS versions of
720:(see
726:On MS-DOS only, the \-Da option may be used to specify strict parsing of
728:Without this option, sequences that change text attributes
815:The line is chopped with the \-S option, and
846:to open and interpret the named file as a
848:source file.
856:program needed to be run to convert a
858:file to a
888:to prompt verbosely (like
990:provided that there are no escape sequences in the file
993:is changed within one line, not across lines.
1003:The terminating sequence may be either a BEL character (\\7)
1046:(See
1166:will automatically stop waiting for more data when the input side of the
1171:will determine the size of the file
1174:Normally this is not done, because it can be slow if the input file
1193:or it may be a single integer "N" which sets the header lines to N
1195:or it may be ",M" which sets the header columns to M and the
1200:When M is nonzero, the characters displayed at the
1203:If either N or M is zero,
1211:will advance to the next line containing the search pattern
1216:\fIc\fP must be an ASCII character; that is, one with a value
1218:A caret followed by a single character can be used
1221:Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the \-N option is in
effect
1227:.B less
1228:will read the first \fIn\fP lines to try to find a vim-compatible
1229:.IR modeline .
1233:By using a modeline, the file itself can specify the tab stops
1236:A modeline contains, anywhere in the line,
1243:If the word "set" is not used,
1284:If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the \-u option
1296:If set, carriage returns are handled as if neither the \-u option
1318:terminal to switch from an alternate screen,
1332:Sets default search modifiers.
1344:If a preprocessor produces data,
1365:Colored text works only if the terminal supports
1367:see
1667:If the output is empty and the exit status is zero,
1669:If the output is empty and the exit status is nonzero,
1842:to a comma-separated list of
2098:behaves (mostly) in conformance with the POSIX
2237:.IP LESSUTFCHARDEF
2268:Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition
2293:Possible location of the
-.-.
Change '-' (\-) to '\(en' (en-dash) for a numeric range.
GNU gnulib has recently (2023-06-18) updated its
"build_aux/update-copyright" to recognize "\(en" in man pages.
less.1:640:.IP "1-5"
less.1:2306:Copyright (C) 1984-2023 Mark Nudelman
-.-.
Change (or include a "FIXME" paragraph about) misused SI (metric)
numeric prefixes (or names) to the binary ones, like Ki (kibi), Mi
(mebi), Gi (gibi), or Ti (tebi), if indicated.
If the metric prefixes are correct, add the definitions or an
explanation to avoid misunderstanding.
582:will use for each file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes).
585:The \-b option specifies instead that \fIn\fP kilobytes of
-.-
Change - to \- if it shall be printed as a minus sign.
Use "\e" to print the escape character instead of "\\" (which gets
interpreted in copy mode).
1003:The terminating sequence may be either a BEL character (\\7)
1004:or the two-character sequence "ESC \\".
-.-.
Change a HYPHEN-MINUS (code 0x2D) to a minus(-dash) (\-),
if it
is in front of a name for an option,
is a symbol for standard input,
is a single character used to indicate an option,
or is in the NAME section (man-pages(7)).
N.B. - (0x2D), processed as a UTF-8 file, is changed to a hyphen
(0x2010, groff \[u2010] or \[hy]) in the output.
702:If either character is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color
714:If either integer is a "-" or is omitted,
1108:For example, "-x9,17" will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
1342:The value "-" disables all default search modifiers.
2008:?f%f \&.?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\e%:?btByte %bt:-...
2280:.BR more "-compatible mode."
-.-.
Strings longer than 3/4 of a standard line length (80)
Use "\:" to split the string at the end of an output line, for example a
long URLs (web address)
723 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/char-info-str).
1370
https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48).
-.-.
Wrong distance between sentences in the input file.
Separate the sentences and subordinate clauses; each begins on a new
line. See man-pages(7) ("Conventions for source file layout") and
"info groff" ("Input Conventions").
The best procedure is to always start a new sentence on a new line,
at least, if you are typing on a computer.
Remember coding: Only one command ("sentence") on each (logical) line.
E-mail: Easier to quote exactly the relevant lines.
Generally: Easier to edit the sentence.
Patches: Less unaffected text.
Search for two adjacent words is easier, when they belong to the same line,
and the same phrase.
The amount of space between sentences in the output can then be
controlled with the ".ss" request.
729:(bold, underline, etc.) may clear the text color.
1526:program. It is no longer necessary to use the
1583: #! /bin/sh
1607: #! /bin/sh
1642: #! /bin/sh
2212:file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN" exists.)
2220:file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM" exists.)
-.-.
Split lines longer than 80 characters into two or more lines.
Appropriate break points are the end of a sentence and a subordinate
clause; after punctuation marks.
Line 16, length 90
.B " [\-b \fIspace\/\fP] [\-h \fIlines\/\fP] [\-j \fIline\/\fP] [\-k
\fIkeyfile\/\fP]"
Line 18, length 95
.B " [\-{oO} \fIlogfile\/\fP] [\-p \fIpattern\/\fP] [\-P \fIprompt\/\fP]
[\-t \fItag\/\fP]"
Line 20, length 96
.B " [\-T \fItagsfile\/\fP] [\-x \fItab\/\fP,...] [\-y \fIlines\/\fP]
[\-[z] \fIlines\/\fP]"
Line 660, length 91
The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the \-\-use-color option
is enabled.
Line 1221, length 81
Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the \-N option is in
effect
Line 1370, length 81
https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48).
Line 1490, length 106
looks for a lesskey file called "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lesskey" or
"$HOME/.config/lesskey" or "$HOME/.lesskey".
Line 2297, length 100
Possible location of the history file; see the description of the LESSHISTFILE
environment variable.
Line 2299, length 100
Possible location of the history file; see the description of the LESSHISTFILE
environment variable.
-.-.
FSF office address update. See
https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnulib/2024-09/msg00004.html
2318:Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-.-.
Output from "test-groff -b -mandoc -rF0 -rHY=0 -K utf8 -t -ww -z ":
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':127
troff:<stdin>:127: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':213
troff:<stdin>:213: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':242
troff:<stdin>:242: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':466
troff:<stdin>:466: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':619
troff:<stdin>:619: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':662
troff:<stdin>:662: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':666
troff:<stdin>:666: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':667
troff:<stdin>:667: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':678
troff:<stdin>:678: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':679
troff:<stdin>:679: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':699
troff:<stdin>:699: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':700
troff:<stdin>:700: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':702
troff:<stdin>:702: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':706
troff:<stdin>:706: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':716
troff:<stdin>:716: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':720
troff:<stdin>:720: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':726
troff:<stdin>:726: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':728
troff:<stdin>:728: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':815
troff:<stdin>:815: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':846
troff:<stdin>:846: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':848
troff:<stdin>:848: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':856
troff:<stdin>:856: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':858
troff:<stdin>:858: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':888
troff:<stdin>:888: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':990
troff:<stdin>:990: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':993
troff:<stdin>:993: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1003
troff:<stdin>:1003: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1046
troff:<stdin>:1046: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1166
troff:<stdin>:1166: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1171
troff:<stdin>:1171: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1174
troff:<stdin>:1174: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1193
troff:<stdin>:1193: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1195
troff:<stdin>:1195: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1200
troff:<stdin>:1200: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1203
troff:<stdin>:1203: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1211
troff:<stdin>:1211: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1216
troff:<stdin>:1216: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1218
troff:<stdin>:1218: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1221
troff:<stdin>:1221: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1228
troff:<stdin>:1228: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1233
troff:<stdin>:1233: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1236
troff:<stdin>:1236: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1243
troff:<stdin>:1243: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1284
troff:<stdin>:1284: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1296
troff:<stdin>:1296: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1318
troff:<stdin>:1318: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1332
troff:<stdin>:1332: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1344
troff:<stdin>:1344: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1365
troff:<stdin>:1365: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1367
troff:<stdin>:1367: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1667
troff:<stdin>:1667: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1669
troff:<stdin>:1669: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':1842
troff:<stdin>:1842: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2098
troff:<stdin>:2098: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2268
troff:<stdin>:2268: warning: trailing space in the line
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':2293
troff:<stdin>:2293: warning: trailing space in the line
--- less.1 2024-09-15 22:06:04.584493710 +0000
+++ less.1.new 2024-09-15 22:42:14.176300491 +0000
@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@ less \- opposite of more
.br
.B "less [\-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX\(ti]"
.br
-.B " [\-b \fIspace\/\fP] [\-h \fIlines\/\fP] [\-j \fIline\/\fP] [\-k
\fIkeyfile\/\fP]"
+.B " [\-b \fIspace\/\fP] [\-h \fIlines\/\fP] [\-j \fIline\/\fP] [\-k \
+\fIkeyfile\/\fP]"
.br
-.B " [\-{oO} \fIlogfile\/\fP] [\-p \fIpattern\/\fP] [\-P \fIprompt\/\fP]
[\-t \fItag\/\fP]"
+.B " [\-{oO} \fIlogfile\/\fP] [\-p \fIpattern\/\fP] [\-P \fIprompt\/\fP] \
+[\-t \fItag\/\fP]"
.br
-.B " [\-T \fItagsfile\/\fP] [\-x \fItab\/\fP,...] [\-y \fIlines\/\fP]
[\-[z] \fIlines\/\fP]"
+.B " [\-T \fItagsfile\/\fP] [\-x \fItab\/\fP,...] [\-y \fIlines\/\fP] \
+[\-[z] \fIlines\/\fP]"
.br
.B " [\-# \fIshift\/\fP] [+[+]\fIcmd\/\fP] [\-\-] [\fIfilename\/\fP]..."
.br
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ On systems which support
you can also use \(haX or the character specified by the \-\-intr option.
If the input is a pipe and the \-\-exit-follow-on-close option is in effect,
.B less
-will automatically stop waiting for data when the input side
+will automatically stop waiting for data when the input side
of the pipe is closed.
.IP "ESC-F"
Like F, but as soon as a line is found which matches
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ Search forward in the file for the N-th
N defaults to 1.
The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by
the regular expression library supplied by your system.
-By default, searching is case-sensitive (uppercase and lowercase
+By default, searching is case-sensitive (uppercase and lowercase
are considered different); the \-i option can be used to change this.
The search starts at the first line displayed
(but see the \-a and \-j options, which change this).
@@ -239,10 +242,10 @@ Don't interpret regular expression metac
that is, do a simple textual comparison.
.IP "\(haS"
Followed by a digit N between 1 and 5.
-Only text which has a non-empty match for the N-th parenthesized SUB-PATTERN
+Only text which has a non-empty match for the N-th parenthesized SUB-PATTERN
will be considered to match the pattern.
(Supported only if
-.B less
+.B less
is built with one of the regular expression libraries
.BR posix ", " pcre ", or " pcre2 ".)"
Multiple \(haS modifiers can be specified,
@@ -463,7 +466,7 @@ On Unix systems, the shell is taken from
or defaults to "sh".
On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, the shell is the normal command processor.
.IP "# shell-command"
-Similar to the "!" command,
+Similar to the "!" command,
except that the command is expanded in the same way as prompt strings.
For example, the name of the current file would be given as "%f".
.IP "| <m> shell-command"
@@ -579,10 +582,10 @@ This was the default behavior in less ve
.IP "\-b\fIn\fP or \-\-buffers=\fIn\fP"
Specifies the amount of buffer space
.B less
-will use for each file, in units of kilobytes (1024 bytes).
-By default 64\ KB of buffer space is used for each file
+will use for each file, in units of kibibytes (KiB, 1024 bytes).
+By default 64\ KiB of buffer space is used for each file
(unless the file is a pipe; see the \-B option).
-The \-b option specifies instead that \fIn\fP kilobytes of
+The \-b option specifies instead that \fIn\fP kibibytes (KiB) of
buffer space should be used for each file.
If \fIn\fP is \-1, buffer space is unlimited; that is,
the entire file can be read into memory.
@@ -616,7 +619,7 @@ The \-d option does not otherwise change
on a dumb terminal.
.IP "\-D\fBx\fP\fIcolor\fP or \-\-color=\fBx\fP\fIcolor\fP"
Changes the color of different parts of the displayed text.
-\fBx\fP is a single character which selects the type of text
+\fBx\fP is a single character which selects the type of text
whose color is being set:
.RS
.IP "B"
@@ -637,11 +640,11 @@ Prompts.
The rscroll character.
.IP "S"
Search results.
-.IP "1-5"
+.IP "1\(en5"
The text in a search result which matches
the first through fifth parenthesized sub-pattern.
Sub-pattern coloring works only if
-.B less
+.B less
is built with one of the regular expression libraries
.BR posix ", " pcre ", or " pcre2 .
.IP "W"
@@ -657,14 +660,15 @@ Underlined text.
.RE
.RS
-The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the \-\-use-color
option is enabled.
+The uppercase letters and digits can be used only when the \-\-use-color
+option is enabled.
When text color is specified by both an uppercase letter and a lowercase
letter,
-the uppercase letter takes precedence.
+the uppercase letter takes precedence.
For example, error messages are normally displayed as standout text.
So if both "s" and "E" are given a color, the "E" color applies
to error messages, and the "s" color applies to other standout text.
-The "d" and "u" letters refer to bold and underline text formed by
-overstriking with backspaces (see the \-U option),
+The "d" and "u" letters refer to bold and underline text formed by
+overstriking with backspaces (see the \-U option),
not to text using ANSI escape sequences with the \-R option.
.PP
A lowercase letter may be followed by a + to indicate that
@@ -675,8 +679,8 @@ But \-Du+g displays underlined text as b
.PP
\fIcolor\fP is either a 4-bit color string or an 8-bit color string:
.PP
-A 4-bit color string is zero, one or two characters, where
-the first character specifies the foreground color and
+A 4-bit color string is zero, one or two characters, where
+the first character specifies the foreground color and
the second specifies the background color as follows:
.IP "b"
Blue
@@ -696,14 +700,14 @@ White
Yellow
.PP
The corresponding uppercase letter denotes a brighter shade of the color.
-For example, \-DNGk displays line numbers as bright green text on a black
-background, and \-DEbR displays error messages as blue text on a
+For example, \-DNGk displays line numbers as bright green text on a black
+background, and \-DEbR displays error messages as blue text on a
bright red background.
-If either character is a "-" or is omitted, the corresponding color
+If either character is a "\-" or is omitted, the corresponding color
is set to that of normal text.
.PP
An 8-bit color string is one or two decimal integers separated by a dot,
-where the first integer specifies the foreground color and
+where the first integer specifies the foreground color and
the second specifies the background color.
Each integer is a value between 0 and 255 inclusive which selects
a "CSI 38;5" color value (see
@@ -711,22 +715,22 @@ a "CSI 38;5" color value (see
.nh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR)
.hy
-If either integer is a "-" or is omitted,
+If either integer is a "\-" or is omitted,
the corresponding color is set to that of normal text.
-On MS-DOS versions of
+On MS-DOS versions of
.BR less ,
8-bit color is not supported; instead, decimal values are interpreted as 4-bit
CHAR_INFO.Attributes values
-(see
+(see
.br
.nh
-https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/char-info-str).
+https://docs.microsoft.com/\:en-us/\:windows/\:console/\:char-info-str).
.hy
.PP
-On MS-DOS only, the \-Da option may be used to specify strict parsing of
+On MS-DOS only, the \-Da option may be used to specify strict parsing of
ANSI color (SGR) sequences when the \-R option is used.
-Without this option, sequences that change text attributes
-(bold, underline, etc.) may clear the text color.
+Without this option, sequences that change text attributes
+(bold, underline, etc.\&) may clear the text color.
.RE
.IP "\-e or \-\-quit-at-eof"
Causes
@@ -812,7 +816,7 @@ Displays a status column at the left edg
The character displayed in the status column may be one of:
.RS
.IP ">"
-The line is chopped with the \-S option, and
+The line is chopped with the \-S option, and
the text that is chopped off beyond the right edge of the screen
contains a match for the current search.
.IP "<"
@@ -843,9 +847,9 @@ file.
.IP "\-\-lesskey-src=\fIfilename\fP"
Causes
.B less
-to open and interpret the named file as a
+to open and interpret the named file as a
.BR lesskey (1)
-source file.
+source file.
If the LESSKEYIN or LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or
if a lesskey source file is found in a standard place (see KEY BINDINGS),
it is also used as a
@@ -853,9 +857,9 @@ it is also used as a
file.
Prior to version 582, the
.B lesskey
-program needed to be run to convert a
+program needed to be run to convert a
.I "lesskey source"
-file to a
+file to a
.I "lesskey binary"
file for
.B less
@@ -885,7 +889,7 @@ file which is currently open.
.IP "\-m or \-\-long-prompt"
Causes
.B less
-to prompt verbosely (like
+to prompt verbosely (like
.BR more (1)),
with the percent into the file.
By default,
@@ -987,10 +991,10 @@ USE OF THE \-r OPTION IS NOT RECOMMENDED
Like \-r, but only ANSI "color" escape sequences and OSC 8 hyperlink
sequences are output in "raw" form.
Unlike \-r, the screen appearance is maintained correctly,
-provided that there are no escape sequences in the file
+provided that there are no escape sequences in the file
other than these types of escape sequences.
Color escape sequences are only supported when the color
-is changed within one line, not across lines.
+is changed within one line, not across lines.
In other words, the beginning of each line is assumed to be
normal (non-colored), regardless of any escape sequences in previous lines.
For the purpose of keeping track of screen appearance,
@@ -1000,8 +1004,8 @@ OSC 8 hyperlinks are sequences of the fo
.sp
ESC ] 8 ; \&...\& \\7
.sp
-The terminating sequence may be either a BEL character (\\7)
-or the two-character sequence "ESC \\".
+The terminating sequence may be either a BEL character (\e7)
+or the two-character sequence "ESC \e".
.sp
ANSI color escape sequences are sequences of the form:
.sp
@@ -1043,7 +1047,7 @@ If the environment variable LESSGLOBALTA
the name of a command compatible with
.BR global (1),
and that command is executed to find the tag.
-(See
+(See
.nh
http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html).
.hy
@@ -1105,7 +1109,7 @@ If only one \fIn\fP is specified, tab st
If multiple values separated by commas are specified, tab stops
are set at those positions, and then continue with the same spacing as the
last two.
-For example, "-x9,17" will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
+For example, "\-x9,17" will set tabs at positions 9, 17, 25, 33, etc.
The default for \fIn\fP is 8.
.IP "\-X or \-\-no-init"
Disables sending the termcap initialization and deinitialization strings
@@ -1163,15 +1167,15 @@ scroll positions is recalculated if the
.IP "\-\-exit-follow-on-close"
When using the "F" command on a pipe,
.B less
-will automatically stop waiting for more data when the input side of the
+will automatically stop waiting for more data when the input side of the
pipe is closed.
.IP "\-\-file-size"
If \-\-file-size is specified,
.B less
-will determine the size of the file
+will determine the size of the file
immediately after opening the file.
Then the "=" command will display the number of lines in the file.
-Normally this is not done, because it can be slow if the input file
+Normally this is not done, because it can be slow if the input file
is non-seekable (such as a pipe) and is large.
.IP "\-\-follow-name"
Normally, if the input file is renamed while an F command is executing,
@@ -1190,17 +1194,17 @@ will display the contents of that new fi
Sets the number of header lines and columns displayed on the screen.
The value may be of the form "N,M" where N and M are integers,
to set the header lines to N and the header columns to M,
-or it may be a single integer "N" which sets the header lines to N
+or it may be a single integer "N" which sets the header lines to N
and the header columns to zero,
-or it may be ",M" which sets the header columns to M and the
+or it may be ",M" which sets the header columns to M and the
header lines to zero.
When N is nonzero, the first N lines at the top
of the screen are replaced with the first N lines of the file,
regardless of what part of the file are being viewed.
-When M is nonzero, the characters displayed at the
+When M is nonzero, the characters displayed at the
beginning of each line are replaced with the first M characters of the line,
even if the rest of the line is scrolled horizontally.
-If either N or M is zero,
+If either N or M is zero,
.B less
stops displaying header lines or columns, respectively.
(Note that it may be necessary to change the setting of the \-j option
@@ -1208,39 +1212,39 @@ to ensure that the target line is not ob
.IP "\-\-incsearch"
Subsequent search commands will be "incremental"; that is,
.B less
-will advance to the next line containing the search pattern
+will advance to the next line containing the search pattern
as each character of the pattern is typed in.
.IP "\-\-intr=\fIc\fP"
Use the character \fIc\fP instead of \(haX to interrupt a read
when the "Waiting for data" message is displayed.
-\fIc\fP must be an ASCII character; that is, one with a value
+\fIc\fP must be an ASCII character; that is, one with a value
between 1 and 127 inclusive.
-A caret followed by a single character can be used
+A caret followed by a single character can be used
to specify a control character.
.IP "\-\-line-num-width=\fIn\fP"
-Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the \-N option is in
effect
-to \fIn\fP characters.
+Sets the minimum width of the line number field when the \-N option is in
+effect to \fIn\fP characters.
The default is 7.
.IP "\-\-modelines=\fIn\fP"
.RS
Before displaying a file,
-.B less
-will read the first \fIn\fP lines to try to find a vim-compatible
-.IR modeline .
+.B less
+will read the first \fIn\fP lines to try to find a vim-compatible
+.IR modeline .
If \fIn\fP is zero,
.B less
does not try to find modelines.
-By using a modeline, the file itself can specify the tab stops
+By using a modeline, the file itself can specify the tab stops
that should be used when viewing it.
.PP
-A modeline contains, anywhere in the line,
+A modeline contains, anywhere in the line,
a program name ("vi", "vim", "ex", or "less"),
followed by a colon,
possibly followed by the word "set",
and finally followed by zero or more option settings.
If the word "set" is used,
option settings are separated by spaces, and end at the first colon.
-If the word "set" is not used,
+If the word "set" is not used,
option settings may be separated by either spaces or colons.
The word "set" is required if the program name is "less"
but optional if any of the other three names are used.
@@ -1281,7 +1285,7 @@ Searches do not include header lines or
.IP "\-\-no-vbell"
Disables the terminal's visual bell.
.IP "\-\-proc-backspace"
-If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the \-u option
+If set, backspaces are handled as if neither the \-u option
nor the \-U option were set.
That is, a backspace adjacent to an underscore causes text to be
displayed in underline mode, and a backspace between identical
@@ -1293,7 +1297,7 @@ If not set, backspace display is control
If set, backspaces are handled as if the \-U option were set;
that is backspaces are treated as control characters.
.IP "\-\-proc-return"
-If set, carriage returns are handled as if neither the \-u option
+If set, carriage returns are handled as if neither the \-u option
nor the \-U option were set.
That is, a carriage return immediately before a newline is deleted.
This option overrides the \-u and \-U options, so that display of
@@ -1315,7 +1319,7 @@ that is tabs are treated as control char
When quitting, after sending the terminal deinitialization string,
redraws the entire last screen.
On terminals whose terminal deinitialization string causes the
-terminal to switch from an alternate screen,
+terminal to switch from an alternate screen,
this makes the last screenful of the current file remain visible after
.B less
has quit.
@@ -1329,7 +1333,7 @@ Save marks in the history file, so marks
across different invocations of
.BR less .
.IP "\-\-search-options=\fI...\fP"
-Sets default search modifiers.
+Sets default search modifiers.
The value is a string of one or more of the characters
E, F, K, N, R or W.
Setting any of these has the same effect as typing that
@@ -1339,9 +1343,9 @@ typing \(haW at the beginning of every p
The value may also contain a digit between 1 and 5,
which has the same effect as typing \(haS followed by that digit
at the beginning of every search pattern.
-The value "-" disables all default search modifiers.
+The value "\-" disables all default search modifiers.
.IP "\-\-show-preproc-errors"
-If a preprocessor produces data,
+If a preprocessor produces data,
then exits with a non-zero exit code,
.B less
will display a warning.
@@ -1362,12 +1366,12 @@ This allows a dollar sign to be included
.IP "\-\-use-color"
Enables colored text in various places.
The \-D option can be used to change the colors.
-Colored text works only if the terminal supports
+Colored text works only if the terminal supports
ANSI color escape sequences (as defined in ECMA-48 SGR;
-see
+see
.br
.nh
-https://www.ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-48).
+https://www.ecma-international.org/\:publications-and-standards/\:standards/\:ecma-48).
.hy
.IP "\-\-wheel-lines=\fIn\fP"
Set the number of lines to scroll when the mouse wheel is scrolled
@@ -1487,7 +1491,8 @@ Otherwise,
looks in a standard place for the lesskey source file:
On Unix systems,
.B less
-looks for a lesskey file called "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lesskey" or
"$HOME/.config/lesskey" or "$HOME/.lesskey".
+looks for a lesskey file called "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/lesskey" or
+"$HOME/.config/lesskey" or "$HOME/.lesskey".
On MS-DOS and Windows systems,
.B less
looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/_lesskey", and if it is not found there,
@@ -1523,7 +1528,8 @@ Previous versions of
.B less
(before v582) used lesskey files with a binary format, produced by the
.B lesskey
-program. It is no longer necessary to use the
+program.
+It is no longer necessary to use the
.B lesskey
program.
.
@@ -1580,7 +1586,7 @@ view them directly:
.PP
lessopen.sh:
.br
- #! /bin/sh
+ #!/bin/sh
.br
case "$1" in
.br
@@ -1604,7 +1610,7 @@ lessopen.sh:
.PP
lessclose.sh:
.br
- #! /bin/sh
+ #!/bin/sh
.br
rm $2
.PP
@@ -1639,7 +1645,7 @@ previous example scripts:
.PP
lesspipe.sh:
.br
- #! /bin/sh
+ #!/bin/sh
.br
case "$1" in
.br
@@ -1664,9 +1670,9 @@ is interpreted as meaning there is no re
the original file is used.
To avoid this, if LESSOPEN starts with two vertical bars,
the exit status of the script determines the behavior when the output is empty.
-If the output is empty and the exit status is zero,
+If the output is empty and the exit status is zero,
the empty output is considered to be replacement text.
-If the output is empty and the exit status is nonzero,
+If the output is empty and the exit status is nonzero,
the original file is used.
For compatibility with previous versions of
.BR less ,
@@ -1839,7 +1845,7 @@ in that range, it may be desirable to te
.B less
to treat such characters as printable.
This can be done by setting the LESSUTFCHARDEF environment variable
-to a comma-separated list of
+to a comma-separated list of
.I "character type"
definitions.
Each character type definition consists of either one hexadecimal codepoint
@@ -2095,7 +2101,7 @@ Less can also be compiled to be permanen
If the environment variable LESS_IS_MORE is set to 1,
or if the program is invoked via a file link named "more",
.B less
-behaves (mostly) in conformance with the POSIX
+behaves (mostly) in conformance with the POSIX
.BR more (1)
command specification.
In this mode, less behaves differently in these ways:
@@ -2209,7 +2215,8 @@ file.
.IP LESSKEY
Name of the default
.I "lesskey binary"
-file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN" exists.)
+file.
+(Not used if "$LESSKEYIN" exists.)
.IP LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM
Name of the default system-wide
.I "lesskey source"
@@ -2217,7 +2224,8 @@ file.
.IP LESSKEY_SYSTEM
Name of the default system-wide
.I "lesskey binary"
-file. (Not used if "$LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM" exists.)
+file.
+(Not used if "$LESSKEYIN_SYSTEM" exists.)
.IP LESSMETACHARS
List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the shell.
.IP LESSMETAESCAPE
@@ -2234,7 +2242,7 @@ See discussion under SECURITY.
String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion.
.IP LESSUTFBINFMT
Format for displaying non-printable Unicode code points.
-.IP LESSUTFCHARDEF
+.IP LESSUTFCHARDEF
Overrides the type of specified Unicode characters.
.IP LESS_COLUMNS
Sets the number of columns on the screen.
@@ -2265,7 +2273,7 @@ Emulate the
.BR more (1)
command.
.IP LESS_TERMCAP_xx
-Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition
+Where "xx" is any two characters, overrides the definition
of the termcap "xx" capability for the terminal.
.IP LINES
Sets the number of lines on the screen.
@@ -2277,7 +2285,7 @@ LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.
Options which are passed to
.B less
automatically when running in
-.BR more "-compatible mode."
+.BR more "\-compatible mode."
.IP PATH
User's search path (used to find a lesskey file
on MS-DOS and OS/2 systems).
@@ -2290,20 +2298,22 @@ is being run.
.IP VISUAL
The name of the editor (used for the v command).
.IP XDG_CONFIG_HOME
-Possible location of the
+Possible location of the
.B lesskey
file; see the KEY BINDINGS section.
.IP XDG_DATA_HOME
-Possible location of the history file; see the description of the LESSHISTFILE
environment variable.
+Possible location of the history file;
+see the description of the LESSHISTFILE environment variable.
.IP XDG_STATE_HOME
-Possible location of the history file; see the description of the LESSHISTFILE
environment variable.
+Possible location of the history file;
+see the description of the LESSHISTFILE environment variable.
.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR lesskey (1),
.BR lessecho (1)
.
.SH COPYRIGHT
-Copyright (C) 1984-2023 Mark Nudelman
+Copyright (C) 1984\(en2023 Mark Nudelman
.PP
less is part of the GNU project and is free software.
You can redistribute it and/or modify it
