Hi,

I apologize for the long post.
I thought it's best to put as much information including stuff inserted into 
configuration files and relevant parts of log file.

I am struggling to configure exim4 on my home desktop to send system 
notifications to my public email address.  So far with no success.  The desktop 
is connected to home private LAN with 24hrs connection to internet.

Can someone please hold my hand and educate me: what am I doing wrong?

Here is what I did.
[I replaced smtp's port with NNN. Also, assume 'machine' is output of command 
'hostname', while 'machine.homenetwork' is output of 'hostname -f']

1. Configure exim4

# sudo dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config

General type of mail configuration:
=> "mail sent by smarthost; received via SMTP or fetchmail"
System mail name
=> "fastmail.fm"
   Also tried the default: "machine.homenetwork"
IP-addresses to listen on for incoming SMTP connections
=> "127.0.0.1" (default)
Other destinations for which mail is accepted
=> "machine.homenetwork" (default)
Machines to relay mail for
=> Leave empty (default).
IP address or host name of the outgoing smarthost
=> "mail.messagingengine.com::NNN".
Hide local mail name in outgoing mail?
=> No (default).
Keep number of DNS-queries minimal (Dial-on-Demand)?
=> No (default).
Delivery method for local mail
=> "mbox format in /var/mail/" (default)
Split configuration into small files?
=> No (default).

2. Put a line in /etc/aliases
'root: root,myem...@fastmail.fm'

3. Inserted the following lines in /etc/email-addresses
root: myem...@fastmail.fm
root@localhost: myem...@fastmail.fm
root@localhost.localdomain: myem...@fastmail.fm
root@machine: myem...@fastmail.fm
root@machine.localdomain: myem...@fastmail.fm
root@machine.homenetwork: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf@localhost: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf@localhost.localdomain: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf@machine: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf@machine.localdomain: myem...@fastmail.fm
itayf@machine.homenetwork: myem...@fastmail.fm

4. Insert in /etc/exim4/passwd.client the following line:
smtp.mail.provider:myem...@fastmail.fm:ClearTextPassWord

4. Update configuration and restart exim4

# sudo update-exim4.conf
# sudo invoke-rc.d exim4 restart
[ ok ] Stopping MTA for restart: exim4_listener.
[ ok ] Restarting MTA: exim4.
# sudo exim4 -qff
# newaliases

5. Test message:
# /usr/sbin/exim4 -i root
This is a test message.
^D

Outcome:
Mail ended up in machine's root inbox, but not in my public inbox.

Relevant part from /var/log/exim4:

2013-11-10 11:00:50 1VfQsq-0003B3-7m <= myem...@fastmail.fm U=itayf P=local 
S=327
2013-11-10 11:00:50 1VfQsq-0003B3-7m == r...@fastmail.fm R=smarthost 
T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 Start queue run: pid=12330
2013-11-10 11:21:15 1Vf1nB-0000dQ-Pz == r...@fastmail.fm 
<root@gandalf.furmanet> R=smarthost T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry 
time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 1Vf1nB-0000dQ-Pz == myem...@fastmail.fm 
<root@gandalf.furmanet> R=smarthost T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry 
time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 1VfPwb-0002iA-NI == myem...@fastmail.fm R=smarthost 
T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 1VfNjL-000250-SG == r...@fastmail.fm R=smarthost 
T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 1VfQsq-0003B3-7m == r...@fastmail.fm R=smarthost 
T=remote_smtp_smarthost defer (-53): retry time not reached for any host
2013-11-10 11:21:15 End queue run: pid=12330

Thanks in advance!
Itay

Notes:

A. I have no trouble to access my public email from my email client (alpine) 
and the email provider's web interface.
B. I was relying on the following documents:
https://wiki.debian.org/GmailAndExim4
https://library.linode.com/email/exim/send-only-mta-debian-6-squeeze
file://usr/share/doc/exim4-base/README.Debian.html
https://wiki.debian.org/PkgExim4UserFAQ


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