I do not have any other interfaces in /etc/network/interfaces, besides lo. Thanks for the tip about systemctl -l status network-manager. There is a difference.
I ran systemctl -l status network-manager on two boots. In both cases, the USB dongle was already plugged in and was not touched. The first boot, I logged into Mate, and the wifi connected automatically: ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-03-28 13:40:43 PDT; 8min ago Docs: man:NetworkManager(8) Main PID: 584 (NetworkManager) Tasks: 4 (limit: 19014) Memory: 16.4M CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─584 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon Mar 28 13:41:10 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428070.4504] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL Mar 28 13:41:10 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428070.4514] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_SITE Mar 28 13:41:10 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428070.4515] policy: set 'wln' (wlx1831bf53a3a2) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS Mar 28 13:41:10 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428070.4561] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): Activation: successful, device activated. ... Now the boot where network-manager repeatedly asked for the same password: ● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-03-28 13:52:45 PDT; 36s ago Docs: man:NetworkManager(8) Main PID: 584 (NetworkManager) Tasks: 3 (limit: 19014) Memory: 17.5M CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service └─584 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon Mar 28 13:52:55 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428775.4776] Config: added 'key_mgmt' value 'WPA-PSK WPA-PSK-SHA256 FT-PSK' Mar 28 13:52:55 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428775.4776] Config: added 'psk' value '<hidden>' Mar 28 13:52:55 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428775.4916] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> associating Mar 28 13:52:55 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428775.7019] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): supplicant interface state: associating -> 4-way handshake Mar 28 13:52:59 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <warn> [1585428779.7193] sup-iface[0x55bfd02d69f0,wlx1831bf53a3a2]: connection disconnected (reason 2) Mar 28 13:52:59 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428779.7195] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): supplicant interface state: 4-way handshake -> disconnected Mar 28 13:52:59 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428779.7210] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): Activation: (wifi) disconnected during association, asking for new key Mar 28 13:52:59 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428779.7212] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): state change: config -> need-auth (reason 'supplicant-disconnect', sys-iface-state: 'managed') Mar 28 13:52:59 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428779.8236] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning Mar 28 13:53:02 raptor NetworkManager[584]: <info> [1585428782.0772] device (wlx1831bf53a3a2): supplicant interface state: scanning -> inactive > On Mar 28, 2020, at 12:43, Brian <a...@cityscape.co.uk> wrote: >