When GIMP 2.10 is released then we will have this feature hopefully :)

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/16128

Title:
  Wide color channels in Gimp

Status in The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP):
  Fix Released
Status in “gimp” package in Ubuntu:
  Triaged

Bug description:
  After discussing with some graphics people in the community, it has come to my
  attention that Gimp only supports 8 bits per color channel (bpc), totalling 32
  bits RGBA.  Architecturally, Gimp is not easily expanded to wider color 
channels
  such as 16 or 32 bpc; however, it is possible.  Previously, some developers
  created a program called "cinepaint," a Gimp fork that supported 16 and 32 bpc
  color spaces.  Unfortunately the project eventually halted and does not 
support
  the range of features of newer Gimp.

  * http://cinepaint.sourceforge.net/

  Although humans can't tell the difference between 8bpc and 16bpc, mathematical
  algorithms can.  In particular, certain mathematics used to touch up images or
  blend colors can result in a visual artifact called "banding," where visible
  differences in lumance appear in the image where there previously were none,
  often resulting in what look like bands of areas with different gammas or
  brightnesses.  To prevent this, the color space can be increased so that the
  bands occur over ranges so small that when reduced back to 8 bpc color space,
  they are lost with the extra information in the other 8 or 24 bits.  In other
  words, rounding is saved for the end of the process.

  To achieve the best effect, images should be stored and operated on in a full
  range color space.  Rounding down to an 8 bpc color space should only be done
  when the image is finally exported to a standard 24 or 32 bit format such as
  PNG, MNG, or JPEG.  This allows the results of previous large color space
  operations (i.e. image effects such as blurring and glass lenses) to retain
  their extra information so that more effects can be added on top of them 
without
  visible artifacts, further reducing or even eliminating banding.

  This bug should not be a high priority, as it would require the Ubuntu
  developers to massively patch the internal architecture of Gimp, and then to
  convince the Gimp mainline developers to accept the patches.  Historically, 
the
  Gimp mainline developers apparently have inverted interest in (i.e., will 
fight
  against) widened color spaces; however, professional graphics artists 
understand
  that at least 10 bpc of color space (i.e. 40 bit instead of 32) are needed to
  produce quality images, and hence have been moving off Gimp and onto 
Photoshop.
   Bigger is better; even high-end 3D graphics cards operate in 128 bit color
  (32bpc) (as noted in John Carmack's .plan file from when he was writing 
Doom3).

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