This is absolutely strange, 755 and 777 should not make any difference
for CUPS, as with both the parallel backend can be run as normal user
and that is what CUPS does with these permissions. With 700 it can be
only run as root and than CUPS runs it as root. And seeing your tests
the parallel backend works as root but not as normal user for you. Are
you sure that your parallel backend had 755 permissions before?

I had the HP DeskJet 840C years ago and AFAIK it was not parallel-only.
It had an USB port. So you should be able to connect your printer with a
USB cable (do not use a USB->Parallel adapter if your next PC has no
parallel port, these adapters are REALLY BAD).

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1307221

Title:
  CUPS does not see parallel printer

Status in “cups” package in Ubuntu:
  Incomplete

Bug description:
  Installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 32 bit today.  It does not see a parallel printer. 
  USB printer attached is working fine.
  CUPS does not see parallel port, kernel does see Deskjet 840.
  Outputs from fault finding below.
  Any help appreciated.

  Output of lsmod | grep lp
  usblp                  18377  0 
  lpc_ich                16987  0 
  lp                     13359  0 
  parport                40930  3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp

  Output of lsmod | grep ppdev
  ppdev                  17423  0 
  parport                40930  3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp

  Output of lsmod | grep parport_pc
  parport_pc             32114  1 
  parport                40930  3 ppdev,parport_pc,lp

  Output of dmesg | grep par
  [    0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on bare hardware
  [    0.097639] regulator-dummy: no parameters
  [    0.131972] hpet0: 3 comparators, 64-bit 14.318180 MHz counter
  [    0.881798] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
  [   14.401751] parport_pc 00:05: reported by Plug and Play ACPI
  [   14.401814] parport0: PC-style at 0x378 (0x778), irq 7, dma 3 
[PCSPP,TRISTATE,COMPAT,ECP,DMA]
  [   14.527472] parport0: Printer, HEWLETT-PACKARD DESKJET 840C
  [   14.576501] lp0: using parport0 (interrupt-driven).
  [   15.352032] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
  [   17.078114] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:2): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_load" parent=811 profile="unconfined" name="/sbin/dhclient" 
pid=828 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.078129] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:3): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_load" parent=811 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=828 
comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.078139] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:4): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_load" parent=811 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=828 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.079023] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:5): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=811 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=828 
comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.079035] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:6): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=811 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=828 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.079499] type=1400 audit(1397397215.289:7): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=811 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=828 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.080716] type=1400 audit(1397397215.293:8): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=808 profile="unconfined" 
name="/sbin/dhclient" pid=827 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.080728] type=1400 audit(1397397215.293:9): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=808 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=827 
comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.080736] type=1400 audit(1397397215.293:10): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=808 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=827 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   17.081610] type=1400 audit(1397397215.293:11): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_replace" parent=808 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=827 
comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   22.231417] type=1400 audit(1397397220.441:68): apparmor="STATUS" 
operation="profile_load" parent=995 profile="unconfined" 
name="/usr/sbin/tcpdump" pid=1031 comm="apparmor_parser"
  [   72.077365] type=1400 audit(1397397270.291:69): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/lib/telepathy/mission-control-5" 
name="/usr/share/gvfs/remote-volume-monitors/" pid=2220 comm="mission-control" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
  [  108.062708] parport0: lp tried to release parport when not owner
  [  108.062719] parport0: ppdev0 forgot to release port
  [  155.670290] type=1400 audit(1397397353.882:70): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="file_lock" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/run/samba/gencache.tdb" pid=917 comm="cupsd" requested_mask="k" 
denied_mask="k" fsuid=0 ouid=0
  [  155.801654] type=1400 audit(1397397354.014:71): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt" pid=917 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=1000
  [  157.051581] type=1400 audit(1397397355.261:72): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=917 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase" pid=2552 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=1000
  [  157.194704] parport0: lp already owner
  [  251.732232] parport0: lp tried to release parport when not owner
  [  251.732243] parport0: ppdev0 forgot to release port
  [  385.148858] type=1400 audit(1397397583.363:73): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="file_lock" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/run/samba/gencache.tdb" pid=917 comm="cupsd" requested_mask="k" 
denied_mask="k" fsuid=0 ouid=0
  [  385.250832] type=1400 audit(1397397583.463:74): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt" pid=917 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=1000
  [  386.008039] type=1400 audit(1397397584.222:75): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=917 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase" pid=2625 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=1000
  [  404.232177] type=1400 audit(1397397602.445:76): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="file_lock" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/run/samba/gencache.tdb" pid=917 comm="cupsd" requested_mask="k" 
denied_mask="k" fsuid=0 ouid=0
  [  404.361378] type=1400 audit(1397397602.573:77): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt" pid=917 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=1000
  [  405.134793] type=1400 audit(1397397603.345:78): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=917 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase" pid=2628 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=1000
  [  440.789483] type=1400 audit(1397397639.003:79): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="file_lock" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/run/samba/gencache.tdb" pid=917 comm="cupsd" requested_mask="k" 
denied_mask="k" fsuid=0 ouid=0
  [  440.906760] type=1400 audit(1397397639.119:80): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/Private.mnt" pid=917 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=0 ouid=1000
  [  441.676848] type=1400 audit(1397397639.891:81): apparmor="DENIED" 
operation="open" parent=917 profile="/usr/sbin/cupsd" 
name="/home/.ecryptfs/nick/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase" pid=2630 comm="cupsd" 
requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=1000
  [  441.773800] parport0: lp already owner

  
  Output of ls -l /dev/lp* /dev/parport*
  crw-rw---- 1 root lp  6, 0 Apr 13 14:53 /dev/lp0
  crw-rw---- 1 root lp 99, 0 Apr 13 14:53 /dev/parport0

  Output of ls -l /proc/sys/dev/parport/parport*/autoprobe*
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:56 /proc/sys/dev/parport/parport0/autoprobe
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:56 
/proc/sys/dev/parport/parport0/autoprobe0
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:56 
/proc/sys/dev/parport/parport0/autoprobe1
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:56 
/proc/sys/dev/parport/parport0/autoprobe2
  -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 13 14:56 
/proc/sys/dev/parport/parport0/autoprobe3

  Output of sudo cat /proc/sys/dev/parport/parport*/autoprobe*
  CLASS:PRINTER;
  MODEL:DESKJET 840C;
  MANUFACTURER:HEWLETT-PACKARD;
  DESCRIPTION:Hewlett-Packard DeskJet 840C;
  COMMAND SET:MLC,PCL,PML;

  Output of lpinfo -v
  network https
  network ipp14
  network http
  network ipp
  network beh
  network socket
  network ipps
  network lpd
  direct usb://Samsung/ML-6040
  network smb

  Output of /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel
  No output

  Output of sudo /usr/lib/cups/backend/parallel
  direct parallel:/dev/lp0 "HP DESKJET 840C" "HP DESKJET 840C LPT #1" 
"MFG:HEWLETT-PACKARD;MDL:DESKJET 
840C;CMD:MLC,PCL,PML;CLASS:PRINTER;DESCRIPTION:Hewlett-Packard DeskJet 
840C;SERN:CN0AP1C216KV;VSTATUS:$HB0$FC0,ff,DN,IDLE,CUT;VP:0800,FL,B0;" ""

  Output of  ubuntu-bug cups
  ERROR: hook /usr/share/apport/general-hooks/ubuntu.py crashed:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 719, in 
add_hooks_info
      symb['add_info'](self, ui)
    File "/usr/share/apport/general-hooks/ubuntu.py", line 92, in add_info
      attach_conffiles(report, package, ui=ui)
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/hookutils.py", line 107, in 
attach_conffiles
      modified = packaging.get_modified_conffiles(package)
    File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 263, 
in get_modified_conffiles
      with open(path, 'rb') as fd:
  IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: u'/etc/cups/cupsd.conf'

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 12.04
  Package: cups 1.5.3-0ubuntu8
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.11.0-19.33~precise1-generic 3.11.10.5
  Uname: Linux 3.11.0-19-generic i686
  NonfreeKernelModules: fglrx
  ApportVersion: 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.6
  Architecture: i386
  Date: Sun Apr 13 21:19:38 2014
  EcryptfsInUse: Yes
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS "Precise Pangolin" - Release i386 
(20140204)
  Lpstat: device for ML-6040: usb://Samsung/ML-6040
  MachineType: HP Pavilion 061 PN132AA-ABU t760.uk
  MarkForUpload: True
  Papersize: a4
  PpdFiles: ML-6040: Samsung ML-6040 Foomatic/gdi (recommended)
  ProcEnviron:
   LANGUAGE=en_GB:en
   TERM=xterm
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
   SHELL=/bin/bash
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-19-generic 
root=UUID=b3a65bee-5330-498a-9b66-c842a014e207 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
  SourcePackage: cups
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  dmi.bios.date: 08/27/2004
  dmi.bios.vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
  dmi.bios.version: 3.06
  dmi.board.name: Puffer
  dmi.board.vendor: ASUSTeK Computer INC.
  dmi.board.version: 1.xx
  dmi.chassis.asset.tag: Asset-1234567890
  dmi.chassis.type: 3
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Chassis Manufacture
  dmi.chassis.version: Chassis Version
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnAmericanMegatrendsInc.:bvr3.06:bd08/27/2004:svnHPPavilion061:pnPN132AA-ABUt760.uk:pvr0fS0211RE101PUFFE00:rvnASUSTeKComputerINC.:rnPuffer:rvr1.xx:cvnChassisManufacture:ct3:cvrChassisVersion:
  dmi.product.name: PN132AA-ABU t760.uk
  dmi.product.version: 0fS0211RE101PUFFE00
  dmi.sys.vendor: HP Pavilion 061

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