I think this bug report is a bit messy, because it mixes two different
issues.

I think that the original problem is the one I'm experiencing and that is 
perfectly described by the StackExchange answer pointed to by Peter Stevenson's 
comment #45.
Indeed, setting dirty_background_bytes and dirty_bytes to low values is the 
only way to fix the problem in my case.
Either using low vm.dirty_background_ratio and vm.dirty_ratio or changing the 
scheduler to deadline does nothing in my case (by the way, the suggested low 
values for vm.dirty_*_ratio parameters seems to have become the default at 
least in recent Trusty updates).

The problem described here is not just that the system is slow at
copying many files, but that it stutters and completely freezes (mouse
pointer included) for whole seconds, if not even minutes (last time I
had to leave my PC for about 10 minutes to let a huge file transfer
terminate and be able to even move the mouse pointer again... many other
times I simply switched off the system and restarted). This happens when
copying huge files (some gigabytes in size) to a relatively slow device,
which might by a USB drive or a network drive (when using WiFi, for
instance). And, even if the aforementioned reply and referenced pages
talk about this happening on systems with a lot of RAM, in my case it
happens even if I have only 4 GB of RAM.

Anyway, it's sad to see no words at all from any Ubuntu developer on
this bug report, given that it seems to be a well known kernel issue,
unless I missed something.

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You received this bug notification because you are a member of Desktop
Packages, which is subscribed to nautilus in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1208993

Title:
  Ubuntu slows down and hangs while copying file from/to USB

Status in nautilus package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  Hi

  While copying many and large files to and from a USB drive, the system
  becomes incredibly slow and sometimes hangs. I watched the system
  monitor while it was running slowly but cpu was not above 50% at any
  time, the same for memory.

  I'm using the "WD my passport" HD with a USB3 port of my "ASUS K55VD"
  laptop.

  Description:  Ubuntu 13.04
  Release:      13.04

  nautilus:
    Installed: 1:3.6.3-0ubuntu16
    Candidate: 1:3.6.3-0ubuntu16
    Version table:
   *** 1:3.6.3-0ubuntu16 0
          500 http://ubuntu-archive.mirror.nucleus.be/ raring/main amd64 
Packages
          100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

  
  Steps to reproduce:
  1) Aquire many large files (like your totally legit moviecollection)
  2) Copy files to external HD
  3) Open your browser and be sad when your system becomes incredibly slow 
after a few minutes


  This is my first bugreport so if I'm missing something, please tell
  me.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 13.04
  Package: nautilus 1:3.6.3-0ubuntu16
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.8.0-27.40-generic 3.8.13.4
  Uname: Linux 3.8.0-27-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.9.2-0ubuntu8.1
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Tue Aug  6 22:56:34 2013
  EcryptfsInUse: Yes
  ExecutablePath: /usr/bin/nautilus
  GsettingsChanges:
   b'org.gnome.nautilus.window-state' b'geometry' b"'656x715+154+151'"
   b'org.gnome.nautilus.window-state' b'maximized' b'true'
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2013-05-31 (67 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 13.04 "Raring Ringtail" - Release amd64 (20130424)
  MarkForUpload: True
  SourcePackage: nautilus
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

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