This bug was fixed in the package appstream - 0.12.0-3ubuntu1

---------------
appstream (0.12.0-3ubuntu1) bionic; urgency=medium

  * cache-explicit-variants.patch: fix crash when upgrading from bionic
    to cosmic (LP: #1792537)

 -- Olivier Tilloy <olivier.til...@canonical.com>  Fri, 14 Sep 2018
10:59:05 +0200

** Changed in: appstream (Ubuntu Bionic)
       Status: Fix Committed => Fix Released

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1792537

Title:
  
/usr/bin/appstreamcli:5:g_variant_new_parsed_va:g_variant_builder_add_parsed:as_content_rating_to_variant:as_component_to_variant:as_cache_file_save

Status in appstream package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in appstream source package in Bionic:
  Fix Released

Bug description:
  The Ubuntu Error Tracker has been receiving reports about a problem regarding 
appstream.  This problem was most recently seen with package version 0.12.2-2, 
the problem page at 
https://errors.ubuntu.com/problem/fca706c9b229ddb2bae3fa59877eee4f98f69366 
contains more details, including versions of packages affected, stacktrace or 
traceback, and individual crash reports.
  If you do not have access to the Ubuntu Error Tracker and are a software 
developer, you can request it at http://forms.canonical.com/reports/.

  This crash happens when trying to upgrade a fully up-to-date bionic
  machine to cosmic. appstreamcli crashes with the following error, thus
  aborting the upgrade process:

      E:Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if
  /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then
  appstreamcli refresh-cache > /dev/null; fi', E:Sub-process retrened an
  error code

  [Impact]

  * As of today, users upgrading from bionic to cosmic will see the
  upgrade process abort early on because of this crash. This is most
  likely caused by malformed appstream metadata, so the issue might go
  away if that metadata is fixed at some point. In the meantime, this
  completely prevents bionic→cosmic upgrades.

  * The fix is upstream
  
(https://github.com/ximion/appstream/commit/734e9da66bf12fcaa94c10465db2dcf8bb2b94cb)
  and in the cosmic version of appstream

  [Test Case]

  1. On a fresh bionic installation, change bionic to cosmic in sources.list
  2. Run apt update

  This use case happens when the user does a release upgrade.

  [Regression potential]

  This patch affects the way appstream metadata is parsed to build a
  representation in memory. Potential regressions may happen if the
  parser is fed invalid/malformed metadata with unexpected types. That's
  actually the cause of the crash itself, so we cannot assume that it
  won't happen again with differently malformed metadata.

  There doesn't appear to be specific tests associated to that crash in
  the upstream commit that fixes it, so there's no guarantee it won't
  regress in the future.

  [Other Info]

  According to errors.ubuntu.com the crash still happens in cosmic with 
appstream 0.12.2-2, which would imply that the patch does not fix all 
occurrences of the problem.
  However according to Laney this data is not always accurate, sometimes 
crashes which happen around an upgrade are reported against the new version 
mistakenly.

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