Github user rhtyd commented on the issue:
https://github.com/apache/cloudstack/pull/1669
CloudStack UI used dictionary, dictionary2 and index jsp files.
The dictionary jsp files simply added a dictionary (java script object or
map) by reading through messages properties for various translations. Replacing
them was easy, we added a python script (`tools/transifex/gen-l10n.py`) that
would generate js files (at build time) by reading through the `messages` files
such that the generated dictionary (object or map) would be exactly same as
what the jsp files did.
The `index.jsp` file primarily did two things: (1) include dictionary,
dictionary2 jsp files, (2) used them for translating strings. By replacing the
dictionary jsp files with auto-generated translation js file based on a `lang`
cookie exactly the same dictionary object was still accessible to the index.jsp
file. All the translated strings in index.jsp were replaced with a new/custom
`DOM` element `<translate key="some.key">`, and some code was added that would
process and add text to this new dom element based on the translation key set.
Replacement of `<fmt:` code with `<translate>` was done with a search/replace
operation. By adding a new custom `DOM` element, no CSS changes were required.
The translation was done by this method:
https://github.com/shapeblue/cloudstack/blob/26b591f225abbee8690c20af914f8e37103043ef/ui/index.html#L1746
The only exception were `select` dropdowns, where translation was done
explicitly by getting the DOM element and injecting `options` as seen here:
https://github.com/shapeblue/cloudstack/blob/26b591f225abbee8690c20af914f8e37103043ef/ui/index.html#L1766
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