Hello,

just a few comments:

Please also note that it's not possible to use this kind of tracing
for any classes that are depended on by the AspectJ runtime or there
will be errors initializing the classes because of circular
dependencies.  However I think most modules apart from luni should be
safe.

While we're not able to trace execution of some restricted methods within
luni, we may use aspects for some specific tasks like tracing calls to luni
methods from anything outside of luni. This may be done using the "call"
pointcut instead of "execution". In such a case the called code is not
affected by aspect instrumentation, only the calling code is affected. As
long as the calling code resides outside of luni, this technique will work.

 Also it's important to not trace methods that are called
(directly or indirectly) by your tracing methods otherwise you will
end up in an endless loop.

The above technique, if applicable to the specific task, also gives a free
solution to this problem. You just restrict the occurrence of your pointcut
to be !within(YourAspect)

Thanks,
Max

--
Maxim Kurzenev,
Intel ESSD


On 11/15/06, Anton Luht <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

Forwarded Conversation
Subject: [classlib] Using Aspects for Tracing
------------------------

From: Sian January <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Tue, Nov 14, 2006 at 2:57 PM
Attachments: buildxmlpatch.txt

Hello,

Following a recent discussion on this list I have been looking into
how aspects could be used for tracing in the Harmony class library
code.  I have been using AspectJ and have written a really simple
tracing aspect for the math module, adapted the build.xml script and
written some instructions on how to apply it.  At the moment the
aspect just does entry and exit tracing and prints to System.out, but
this is because it's a first draft - it is possible to do more
targeted tracing and to use frameworks such as java.util.logging with
aspects.

Steps to follow:


1. Download AspectJ from http://www.eclipse.org/aspectj/downloads.php

2. Copy aspectjrt.jar to /depends/jars/aspectj/

3. Copy aspectjtools.jar and aspectjrt.jar to ANT_HOME/lib and if
using Eclipse add both of these to your ant runtime configuration
(Window > Preferences > Ant > Runtime > Add...)

4. Edit build file to use iajc* instead of javac and include aspect
class files (or apply the buildxmlpatch.txt to build.xml in the math
module)

5. Write a tracing aspect (or copy the one attached to
modules\math\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\tracing)

6. Re-build the module

7. Make sure to add aspectjrt.jar to the runtime classpath of whatever
program you are running.


* - iajc isn't incremental like javac in ant, it will always do a
total rebuild.  Also if you switch from using iajc back to javac you
will need to do a clean before you do a rebuild.
Please also note that it's not possible to use this kind of tracing
for any classes that are depended on by the AspectJ runtime or there
will be errors initializing the classes because of circular
dependencies.  However I think most modules apart from luni should be
safe.  Also it's important to not trace methods that are called
(directly or indirectly) by your tracing methods otherwise you will
end up in an endless loop.

If anyone thinks this information might be useful to have available
somewhere I would be happy to expand it a bit for a web page or a Wiki
page.

Regards,

Sian

--
Sian January

IBM Java Technology Centre, UK
--------
From: Alexei Zakharov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Tue, Nov 14, 2006 at 3:31 PM

Sian,

Cool! Thanks for this. Can AspectJ be used for something more
sophisticated than just tracing? For application-level logging for
example?

Thanks,

2006/11/14, Sian January <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
[Quoted text hidden]Alexei Zakharov,
Intel Enterprise Solutions Software Division

--------
From: Sian January <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Tue, Nov 14, 2006 at 6:50 PM

Hi Alexei,

I'm not entirely sure what you mean by application-level logging.  It is
possible to get more fine-grained information using aspects if that's what
you mean, such as tracing individual methods, logging field reads and
writes, logging when Exceptions are caught and logging when certain
methods
are called and where from.  You can't use aspects to add logging into the
middle of a method, unless it's at a well defined point.  If there was
some
specific information you wanted to add at a specific place there's no
problem using a combination of aspects and hand-coded logging.  Does that
answer your question at all?

Thanks,

Sian
[Quoted text hidden]
[Quoted text hidden]
--------
From: Anton Luht <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [email protected]
Date: Wed, Nov 15, 2006 at 10:00 AM

Hello Sian,

[skip]

> 5. Write a tracing aspect (or copy the one attached to
> modules\math\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\tracing)

There was only patch to build.xml attached - could you please send the
aspect or better create a JIRA issue and attach all stuff to it?

--
Regards,
Anton Luht,
Intel Java & XML Engineering

--------
From: Sian January <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Wed, Nov 15, 2006 at 2:09 PM

Hi Anton,

I have created HARMONY-2195 for this information.

Thanks,

Sian
[Quoted text hidden]
[Quoted text hidden]
--------
From: Alexei Zakharov <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Wed, Nov 15, 2006 at 3:32 PM

> I'm not entirely sure what you mean by application-level logging.

Well, I mean the situation when log calls are scattered around the
code. Something like this:

---
void dataExchange() throws Exception {
  boolean handshakePerformed = false;

  log("in performConnection"); // log point 1
  ...
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
       int k = performHandshake();

       if (k == NEED_MORE_DATA) {
           log("server responded: needs more data"); // log point 2
           addSomeDataForServer();
       } else if (k == NEED_MORE_SECURITY) {
           log("server responded: needs more security"); // log point 3
           addMoreSecurity();
       } else if (k == OK) {
           handshakePerformed = true;
           log("handshake OK"); // log point 4
           break;
       }
  }

  if (!handshakePerformed) {
      log("give up: unable to handshake"); // log point 5
      throw new Exception("unable to handshake");
  }

  log("ready to send data"); // log point 6
  ....
  log("leaving performConnection"); // log point 7
}
---

From your explanation I've understood that aspects can be used for
points one and seven. Is it possible to cover other log points with
aspects? What should be done for this (if so)?
[Quoted text hidden]--
[Quoted text hidden]
--------
From: Sian January <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Wed, Nov 15, 2006 at 4:26 PM

Hi Alexei,

Yes - it is possible to match those points with aspects

e.g if the class is called MyClass

log point 2 would be matched by "call(* MyClass.addSomeDataForServer()) &&
withincode(MyClass.dataExchange())"

log point 3 could be matched by "call(* MyClass.addMoreSecurity()) &&
withincode(MyClass.dataExchange())"

log point 4 could be matched by "set(MyClass.handshakePerformed) &&
args(true) && withincode(MyClass.dataExchange())"

log point 5 could be matched by "call(Exception.new(..)) && withincode(
MyClass.dataExchange())" (or by after() throwing advice on the
dataExchange
method.

an alternative would be do something like this, which combines 2, 3 and 4:

after() returning(int k): execution(int MyClass.performHandshake()) &&
withincode(MyClass.dataExchange()) {
  if (k == NEED_MORE_DATA) {
          log("server responded: needs more data"); // log point 2
  } else if (k == NEED_MORE_SECURITY) {
          log("server responded: needs more security"); // log point 3
  } else if (k == OK) {
          log("handshake OK"); // log point 4
  }
}

I wouldn't necessarily recommend doing a lot of this kind of logging with
aspects as it can make quite a messy aspect and the pointcuts can be quite
fragile (i.e. minor changes in the code can easily cause a pointcut to
stop
matching).  But it is possible.  My second suggestion is a little more
robust and you may find that that advice could be applied more
generally anyway (e.g. 2, 3 and 4 could be logged after all calls to
performHandshake instead of just calls from MyClass.dataExchange).

Hope this helps.  I'm happy to answer any further questions or take a look
at any aspects you decide to write.

Regards,

Sian
[Quoted text hidden]
[Quoted text hidden]
--------
From: Tim Ellison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Date: Wed, Nov 15, 2006 at 5:17 PM

Sian January wrote:
> I wouldn't necessarily recommend doing a lot of this kind of logging
with
> aspects as it can make quite a messy aspect and the pointcuts can be
quite
> fragile (i.e. minor changes in the code can easily cause a pointcut to
stop
> matching).  But it is possible.  My second suggestion is a little more
> robust and you may find that that advice could be applied more
> generally anyway (e.g. 2, 3 and 4 could be logged after all calls to
> performHandshake instead of just calls from MyClass.dataExchange).

I agree, but would also point out that:

- putting the explicit logging calls in the implementation clutter the
'business end' of the code; keeping logging separate like this makes it
clearer what each part of the code is doing.

- we can reduce logging code duplication by defining pointcuts that
apply to numerous places.

- logging becomes trivially turn-off-and-on-able.

- if you have decent IDE support, like AspectJ, you can see where the
logging calls are being applied and develop them quite 'naturally'.


and the usual caveat, that I'd suggest we only use aspects sparingly
like this, and don't start going crazy.  If a vi user only misses out
seeing a few logging calls (without looking through the aspects list)
that is acceptable IMHO, but if there is any functional change missed
then that is unacceptable.

Regards,
Tim

--

Tim Ellison ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
IBM Java technology centre, UK.

--------



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