Cheryl Valentine created HELIX-842:
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Summary: Pinch Technology: pirate bay proxy
Key: HELIX-842
URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HELIX-842
Project: Apache Helix
Issue Type: Bug
Reporter: Cheryl Valentine
In the late 1970s, Pinch Technology was developed as a thermodynamic approach
to energy conservation in industries. The basic tool was called the "Composite
Curve" plot, which represented graphically the heat available and heat required
by a process flowsheet. These curves also allowed a designer to set realistic
targets for the minimum heating and cooling utilities required, and identify
the existence of the "pinch point" which constrains further heat recovery.
By following systematic design methods, based on avoiding the transfer of heat
across the pinch, it is possible to design heat exchanger networks that meet
the targets exactly. Over the past 30 years, Pinch Technology was applied on
thousands of processes in both new and retrofit designs. The results have been
highly impressive, with energy savings of 30% or higher being achieved. There
has been a renewed interest recently, driven mainly by high oil prices and a
desire to reduce carbon emissions.
In the late 1980s, researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles
applied pinch concepts to mass transfer, sparking off an entirely new area of
research. Instead of plotting Composite Curves of temperature and energy, the
new approach plotted composition versus mass load. This pioneering work into
mass exchange networks was followed by researchers at the University of
Manchester, who applied it to water and waste water minimisation. The resulting
"Water Pinch Technology" quickly saw industrial applications around the world.
The results were equally impressive, although the relatively low cost of water
in many countries means that the technology has not yet been exploited fully.
As water becomes more scarce in future, it is expected that this will change.
Hydrogen Pinch Technology was a more recent application which addressed the
problems faced by oil refiners around the start of the 21st century. Until
then, hydrogen availability was not a major issue for most refineries. However,
this *[pirate bay
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began to change when stricter legislation on sulfur content in fuels led to an
increased demand for hydrotreating. At the same time, newer aromatics limits
meant that catalytic reforming, traditionally a major source of hydrogen, was
being constrained. The net result was that the existing hydrogen production
capacity often became a bottleneck.
The Pinch Technology approach constructs hydrogen Composite Curves, showing the
demands and sources of on-site hydrogen in terms of stream purities and flow
rates. This diagram allows the engineer to find the "hydrogen pinch" and to set
targets for hydrogen recovery, hydrogen plant production and import
requirements. Hydrogen savings experienced are typically hundreds of thousands,
or even millions, of dollars per year. Alternatively, the hydrogen freed up has
been used to increase partial pressures in certain reactors and enhance their
conversion, yield, and selectivity, while increasing catalyst life.
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