Thanks Péter for highlighting the Hive case. I’ve created a one-page doc to
track specific places with hard dependencies on the file in storage to help
ground the ongoing discussion:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17PBhJ0IBxHxMKvCW6CstGOp7cZnboMDdpO6BCPO2kmA/edit?usp=sharing

Yufei


On Fri, Apr 17, 2026 at 12:54 AM Péter Váry <[email protected]>
wrote:

> I don’t think splitting the metadata.json is the right approach.
>
> Making it optional in V4 could be a better direction, but many systems
> rely on it today. For example, Hive uses SerializableTable to ensure
> consistency between query planning and execution. As mentioned earlier,
> SerializableTable relies on StaticTableOperations, which reads the table
> metadata from the expected metadataFileLocation. Writing out a
> metadata.json each time we serialize a table could therefore introduce
> performance bottlenecks.
>
> That said, I agree we need a way to speed up metadata reads and updates to
> support more frequent table operations. Removing the need to serialize the
> metadata JSON could be a good path forward, as long as the metadata remains
> fully and reliably accessible whenever it is required.
>
> Yufei Gu <[email protected]> ezt írta (időpont: 2026. ápr. 17., P,
> 0:19):
>
>> Ryan, StaticTableOperations is the one reading the metadata.json files.
>> Everything depending on it makes the assumption that metadata.json is in
>> storage, including almost all metadata tables and some Spark actions. The
>> executor use case I mentioned is somewhere like here,
>> https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/dde712ec9ed6c9d28183ee4615d50f97b246af5d/spark/v4.1/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/source/SparkWrite.java#L215
>>
>>  Broadcast<Table> tableBroadcast =
>>         sparkContext.broadcast(SerializableTableWithSize.copyOf(table));
>>
>> The driver broadcasts a trimmed table metadata, and executor will pick up
>> the full table metadata from storage.
>>
>> Yufei
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 2:24 PM huaxin gao <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> +1 to the direction Ryan and Yufei outlined. Making metadata.json
>>> optional in storage for v4 and fixing the REST client to not request all
>>> snapshots seems like the right path forward.
>>>
>>> On the executor side, Prashant's earlier work in #14944
>>> <https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/14944> looks like a good
>>> starting point to remove the direct metadata file reads from
>>> SerializableTable. Happy to help review when that gets revived.
>>>
>>> Thanks,
>>>
>>> Huaxin
>>>
>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 12:43 PM Amogh Jahagirdar <[email protected]>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> I pretty much agree with about everything Yufei and Ryan said. I
>>>> feel like sharding the metadata json across multiple files is
>>>> overcomplicated when the REST protocol already abstracts which snapshots a
>>>> client even sees. It would be much better for us to make progress on
>>>> relaxing the requirement for metadata.json storage. We should also look at
>>>> the client implementation defaults to make sure those are sane as well.
>>>>
>>>> +1 to removing the code where executors fetch full metadata from the
>>>> metadata.json. I remember when we did the analysis on that PR, if I recall
>>>> correctly, that effectively is dead code so I think there's a good cleanup
>>>> opportunity there.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> Amogh Jahagirdar
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 11:09 AM Prashant Singh <
>>>> [email protected]> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hey Ryan / Yufei,
>>>>> Here is my one attempt to get rid of that, it was from gov pov, it's
>>>>> mostly from Serializable Table [1]
>>>>> If we are all onboard, I can clean up and revive this effort.
>>>>>
>>>>> [1]
>>>>> https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/14944#issuecomment-3812676977
>>>>>
>>>>> Best,
>>>>> Prashant Singh
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 9:08 AM Ryan Blue <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> They do? Where is that?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Definitely something we should remove as soon as we can.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 8:58 AM Yufei Gu <[email protected]>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> To add to that, some engines like Spark still assume metadata.json
>>>>>>> exists in storage. The executors load the file directly instead of 
>>>>>>> checking
>>>>>>> the REST catalog for table metadata. We will need to modify that.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Yufei
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 8:45 AM Ryan Blue <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I think that the problem of large metadata.json files is largely
>>>>>>>> solved by the REST protocol, which does not need to send snapshots to
>>>>>>>> clients. I agree with Anton's suggestion to relax the requirement that 
>>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>> metadata.json file has to be stored somewhere (for v4). As long as 
>>>>>>>> catalogs
>>>>>>>> are required to be able to produce the full content of metadata.json 
>>>>>>>> when
>>>>>>>> loading the table for a client requesting all snapshots, we don't need 
>>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>>> worry about storing the file.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There are two things to keep in mind though:
>>>>>>>> 1. I think the current Java REST implementation still requests all
>>>>>>>> snapshots to commit, which we should fix
>>>>>>>> 2. I think it is a bad idea to split up the metadata.json file for
>>>>>>>> non-REST catalogs. This introduces way too much complexity that 
>>>>>>>> necessarily
>>>>>>>> leaks out of the catalog implementation. I don't think this is a 
>>>>>>>> problem
>>>>>>>> worth solving when we have a perfectly good solution that has 
>>>>>>>> significant
>>>>>>>> benefits.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Ryan
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Thu, Apr 16, 2026 at 12:13 AM Innocent Djiofack <
>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hi all,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Thank you for the replies. Steven the change is scoped to only
>>>>>>>>> offloading snapshots history. Yufei, yes this is a large change. I
>>>>>>>>> agreed that removing the requirement for a metadata.json file per 
>>>>>>>>> commit in
>>>>>>>>> storage would help most of the concerns. If there is already a design 
>>>>>>>>> doc
>>>>>>>>> for that direction, please share it with me. If not, I can start 
>>>>>>>>> something
>>>>>>>>> around that line of reasoning.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Thanks.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 4:09 PM Yufei Gu <[email protected]>
>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Separating snapshot history from table metadata feels like a
>>>>>>>>>> large, invasive change since it would require updates across all 
>>>>>>>>>> clients
>>>>>>>>>> and engines. If we instead remove the requirement for a 
>>>>>>>>>> metadata.json file
>>>>>>>>>> per commit in storage, many of the current concerns could be 
>>>>>>>>>> addressed.
>>>>>>>>>> This seems like a more practical path forward. There are already
>>>>>>>>>> multiple discussions over there. I'd suggest to move forward with 
>>>>>>>>>> that
>>>>>>>>>> direction.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Yufei
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 8:44 AM Steven Wu <[email protected]>
>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I understand the problem we are trying to solve here. But the
>>>>>>>>>>> actual proposed solution is unclear to me. The proposal seems lack 
>>>>>>>>>>> some
>>>>>>>>>>> details in the actual design/solution.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> How do the proposed snapshot read and write APIs differ from the
>>>>>>>>>>> current APIs? I can't tell the difference.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> > Once defined, this interface could be implemented by various
>>>>>>>>>>> backing stores, such as another file or even a Catalog.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> To support offloading, we probably have to update the table
>>>>>>>>>>> metadata in the table spec
>>>>>>>>>>> <https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#table-metadata-fields>. Does
>>>>>>>>>>> this depend on making metadata.json file optional? Or is this 
>>>>>>>>>>> limited to
>>>>>>>>>>> just externalizing the snapshot list?
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 2:53 AM Jean-Baptiste Onofré <
>>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Hi Innocent
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Maybe it's a kind of redundant with the V4 initiative ?
>>>>>>>>>>>> What are your thoughts on this?
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks!
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Regards
>>>>>>>>>>>> JB
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Tue, Apr 14, 2026 at 6:44 AM Innocent Djiofack <
>>>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Hello Everyone,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> My name is Innocent and I have enjoyed working on the apache
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Iceberg project so far and have learned a lot from people in the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> group.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> I wanted to follow up on a concern raised by Anton around the
>>>>>>>>>>>>> growing size of metadata.json and the problems it brings. Before 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> going
>>>>>>>>>>>>> ahead and doing the implementation work, I wanted to share the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> high level
>>>>>>>>>>>>> thinking with the community and get feedback. You will find the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> link to the
>>>>>>>>>>>>> proposal here
>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xpzpsA9BGSkxo58yUhSdDQaSu7_ITQLFmGarEOyM8P0/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.7g59t9p9o1xi>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>  I
>>>>>>>>>>>>> would appreciate comments and feedback on it.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> *DJIOFACK INNOCENT*
>>>>>>>>>>>>> *"Be better than the day before!" -*
>>>>>>>>>>>>> *+1 404 751 8024*
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> --
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> *DJIOFACK INNOCENT*
>>>>>>>>> *"Be better than the day before!" -*
>>>>>>>>> *+1 404 751 8024*
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>

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