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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JCR-1552?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=12592076#action_12592076
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Thomas Mueller commented on JCR-1552:
-------------------------------------

Jackrabbit should either always or never throw an exception. When concurrently 
updating or adding properties, that is. 'Never throw an exception' seems 
easier. Also the implementation is faster, that's why I would prefer that.

If we decide to 'always throw', then the algorithm could be as follows: 
whenever a session reads, re-reads, transiently modifies, or adds a property, 
remember the old version (timestamp or data). When calling save, check if the 
current persistent state matches the old timestamp or data.

When concurrently updating or adding nodes (so far I was talking about 
properties only), the same algorithm can be used. One problem is the following 
use case:

Node b = a.hasNode(x) ? a.getNode(x) : a.addNode(x);

With multiple threads / sessions you end up with same name siblings sometimes. 
That's probably not what the user wants. This is not an issue for properties as 
there is no 'addProperty' method. I don't know if there is a solution for nodes 
without using locks. For SQL databases, one solution is using the MERGE 
statement (sometimes called UPSERT from INSERT or UPDATE).


> Concurrent conflicting property creation sometimes doesn't fail
> ---------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: JCR-1552
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JCR-1552
>             Project: Jackrabbit
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: jackrabbit-core
>    Affects Versions: core 1.4.2
>            Reporter: Thomas Mueller
>            Assignee: Stefan Guggisberg
>             Fix For: 1.5
>
>
> The following test prints "Success":
>        Session s1 = ...
>        Session s2 = ...
>        s1.getRootNode().setProperty("b", "0"); // init with zero
>        s1.getRootNode().setProperty("b", (String) null); // delete
>        s1.save();
>        s1.getRootNode().setProperty("b", "1");
>        s2.getRootNode().setProperty("b", "2");
>        s1.save();
>        s2.save();
>        System.out.println("Success");
> However  if the line marked "... // delete" is commented out, 
> it fails with the following exception:
> javax.jcr.InvalidItemStateException:
> cafebabe-cafe-babe-cafe-babecafebabe/{}b: the item cannot be saved
> because it has been modified externally.
>        at 
> org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemImpl.getTransientStates(ItemImpl.java:246)
>        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemImpl.save(ItemImpl.java:928)
>        at org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:849)
> It should fail in all cases. If we decide it shouldn't fail, it needs to be 
> documented.

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