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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JENA-2049?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel
 ]

Andy Seaborne updated JENA-2049:
--------------------------------
    Description: 
{{Binding}} is a map from variables to nodes used in query processing. It is  
central to execution of SPARQL.

h3. Context

One feature is that binding objects form a tree. To add variables to an 
existing  binding, whether a join or assignment (BIND), a new binding object is 
created with the original as parent. This avoid copy costs. The parent can be 
shared across solutions.

This design leads to large numbers of {{Binding}} objects, the majority of 
which are quite small (1 or 2 variables).

h3. Current Situation

For general building, the binding implementation is the general {{BindingMap}}. 
This is used a lot because the number of variables is not easy to determine at 
the time the {{Binding}} object is allocated.

{{Binding1}} is the special case of one var/node pair. This "one slot" binding 
requires the application to know there will be only one slot binding so it has 
limited use.

{{BindingMap}} is not immutable, although as a {{Binding}} the mutable
 operations need to be accessed with a cast.

{{BindingMap}} is implemented using a Map ({{HashMap}}) with a special case of a
 binding of one slot.

Maps are several java object including a array. It is quite large and Java 
objects require initialization. For streaming queries, the total footprint is 
quite low; the GC will reclaim space as results rows are finished with. For 
queries that accumulate results (e.g general sort), bindings are held for a 
period of time.

h3. Proposal

 * A builder pattern to accumulate "(var,node)" pairs during a constriction 
phase before a build step that can then choose the most appropriate immutable 
{{Binding}} implementation.
 This takes the work of selecting the right binding implementation off the
 rest of the code.
 * Expand the number fixed length bindings: Special cases for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 
pairs.
 * The builder can be reused (same thread) so the cost of object creation for 
the builder
 can be amortized.
 * Truly immutable bindings for long term stability.

h3. Compatibility

Retain, marked deprecated, the {{BindingFactory}} methods to create a 
{{BindingMap}} so existing code continues as before, with deprecation to 
indicate it would be a good idea to switch to the new way.

h3. Non-goal

This is not a speed up (nor a slow down).

  was:
{{Binding}} is a map from variables to nodes used in query processing. It is
 central to execution of SPARQL.

h3. Context

One feature is that binding objects form a tree. To add variables to an 
existing  binding, whether a join or assignment (BIND), a new binding object is 
created with the original as parent. This avoid copy costs. The parent can be 
shared across solutions.

This design leads to large numbers of {{Binding}} objects, the majority of 
which are quite small (1 or 2 variables).

h3. Current Situation

For general building, the binding implementation is the general {{BindingMap}}. 
This is used a lot because the number of variables is not easy to determine at 
the time the {{Binding}} object is allocated.

{{Binding1}} is the special case of one var/node pair. This "one slot" binding 
requires the application to know there will be only one slot binding so it has 
limited use.

{{BindingMap}} is not immutable, although as a {{Binding}} the mutable
 operations need to be accessed with a cast.

{{BindingMap}} is implemented using a Map ({{HashMap}}) with a special case of a
 binding of one slot.

Maps are several java object including a array. It is quite large and Java 
objects require initialization. For streaming queries, the total footprint is 
quite low; the GC will reclaim space as results rows are finished with. For 
queries that accumulate results (e.g general sort), bindings are held for a 
period of time.

h3. Proposal

 * A builder pattern to accumulate "(var,node)" pairs during a constriction 
phase before a build step that can then choose the most appropriate immutable 
{{Binding}} implementation.
 This takes the work of selecting the right binding implementation off the
 rest of the code.
 * Expand the number fixed length bindings: Special cases for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 
pairs.
 * The builder can be reused (same thread) so the cost of object creation for 
the builder
 can be amortized.
 * Truly immutable bindings for long term stability.

h3. Compatibility

Retain, marked deprecated, the {{BindingFactory}} methods to create a 
{{BindingMap}} so existing code continues as before, with deprecation to 
indicate it would be a good idea to switch to the new way.

h3. Non-goal

This is not a speed up (nor a slow down).


> Binding Improvements
> --------------------
>
>                 Key: JENA-2049
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JENA-2049
>             Project: Apache Jena
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: ARQ
>            Reporter: Andy Seaborne
>            Assignee: Andy Seaborne
>            Priority: Major
>             Fix For: Jena 4.0.0
>
>
> {{Binding}} is a map from variables to nodes used in query processing. It is  
> central to execution of SPARQL.
> h3. Context
> One feature is that binding objects form a tree. To add variables to an 
> existing  binding, whether a join or assignment (BIND), a new binding object 
> is created with the original as parent. This avoid copy costs. The parent can 
> be shared across solutions.
> This design leads to large numbers of {{Binding}} objects, the majority of 
> which are quite small (1 or 2 variables).
> h3. Current Situation
> For general building, the binding implementation is the general 
> {{BindingMap}}. This is used a lot because the number of variables is not 
> easy to determine at the time the {{Binding}} object is allocated.
> {{Binding1}} is the special case of one var/node pair. This "one slot" 
> binding requires the application to know there will be only one slot binding 
> so it has limited use.
> {{BindingMap}} is not immutable, although as a {{Binding}} the mutable
>  operations need to be accessed with a cast.
> {{BindingMap}} is implemented using a Map ({{HashMap}}) with a special case 
> of a
>  binding of one slot.
> Maps are several java object including a array. It is quite large and Java 
> objects require initialization. For streaming queries, the total footprint is 
> quite low; the GC will reclaim space as results rows are finished with. For 
> queries that accumulate results (e.g general sort), bindings are held for a 
> period of time.
> h3. Proposal
>  * A builder pattern to accumulate "(var,node)" pairs during a constriction 
> phase before a build step that can then choose the most appropriate immutable 
> {{Binding}} implementation.
>  This takes the work of selecting the right binding implementation off the
>  rest of the code.
>  * Expand the number fixed length bindings: Special cases for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 
> 4 pairs.
>  * The builder can be reused (same thread) so the cost of object creation for 
> the builder
>  can be amortized.
>  * Truly immutable bindings for long term stability.
> h3. Compatibility
> Retain, marked deprecated, the {{BindingFactory}} methods to create a 
> {{BindingMap}} so existing code continues as before, with deprecation to 
> indicate it would be a good idea to switch to the new way.
> h3. Non-goal
> This is not a speed up (nor a slow down).



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