Use linear probing with an additional good bit avalanching function in FST's 
NodeHash.
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                 Key: LUCENE-2967
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-2967
             Project: Lucene - Java
          Issue Type: Improvement
            Reporter: Dawid Weiss
            Assignee: Dawid Weiss
            Priority: Trivial
             Fix For: 4.0


I recently had an interesting discussion with Sebastiano Vigna (fastutil), who 
suggested that linear probing, given a hash mixing function with good avalanche 
properties, is a way better method of constructing lookups in associative 
arrays compared to quadratic probing. Indeed, with linear probing you can 
implement removals from a hash map without removed slot markers and linear 
probing has nice properties with respect to modern CPUs (caches). I've 
reimplemented HPPC's hash maps to use linear probing and we observed a nice 
speedup (the same applies for fastutils of course).

This patch changes NodeHash's implementation to use linear probing. The code is 
a bit simpler (I think :). I also moved the load factor to a constant -- 0.5 
seems like a generous load factor, especially if we allow large FSTs to be 
built. I don't see any significant speedup in constructing large automata, but 
there is no slowdown either (I checked on one machine only for now, but will 
verify on other machines too).

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