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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-7253?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel
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Otis Gospodnetic updated LUCENE-7253:
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    Summary: Make sparse doc values and segments merging more efficient   (was: 
Sparse data in doc values and segments merging )

> Make sparse doc values and segments merging more efficient 
> -----------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: LUCENE-7253
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-7253
>             Project: Lucene - Core
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>    Affects Versions: 5.5, 6.0
>            Reporter: Pawel Rog
>              Labels: performance
>
> Doc Values were optimized recently to efficiently store sparse data. 
> Unfortunately there is still big problem with Doc Values merges for sparse 
> fields. When we imagine 1 billion documents index it seems it doesn't matter 
> if all documents have value for this field or there is only 1 document with 
> value. Segment merge time is the same for both cases. In most cases this is 
> not a problem but there are several cases in which one can expect having many 
> fields with sparse doc values.
> I can describe an example. During performance tests of a system with large 
> number of sparse fields I realized that Doc Values merges are a bottleneck. I 
> had hundreds of different numeric fields. Each document contained only small 
> subset of all fields. Average document contains 5-7 different numeric values. 
> As you can see data was very sparse in these fields. It turned out that 
> ingestion process was CPU-bound. Most of CPU time was spent in DocValues 
> related methods (SingletonSortedNumericDocValues#setDocument, 
> DocValuesConsumer$10$1#next, DocValuesConsumer#isSingleValued, 
> DocValuesConsumer$4$1#setNext, ...) - mostly during merging segments.
> Adrien Grand suggested to reduce the number of sparse fields and replace them 
> with smaller number of denser fields. This helped a lot but complicated 
> fields naming. 
> I am not much familiar with Doc Values source code but I have small 
> suggestion how to improve Doc Values merges for sparse fields. I realized 
> that Doc Values producers and consumers use Iterators. Let's take an example 
> of numeric Doc Values. Would it be possible to replace Iterator which 
> "travels" through all documents with Iterator over collection of non empty 
> values? Of course this would require storing object (instead of numeric) 
> which contains value and document ID. Such an iterator could significantly 
> improve merge time of sparse Doc Values fields. IMHO this won't cause big 
> overhead for dense structures but it can be game changer for sparse 
> structures.
> This is what happens in NumericDocValuesWriter on flush
> {code}
>     dvConsumer.addNumericField(fieldInfo,
>                                new Iterable<Number>() {
>                                  @Override
>                                  public Iterator<Number> iterator() {
>                                    return new NumericIterator(maxDoc, values, 
> docsWithField);
>                                  }
>                                });
> {code}
> Before this happens during addValue, this loop is executed to fill holes.
> {code}
>     // Fill in any holes:
>     for (int i = (int)pending.size(); i < docID; ++i) {
>       pending.add(MISSING);
>     }
> {code}
> It turns out that variable called pending is used only internally in 
> NumericDocValuesWriter. I know pending is PackedLongValues and it wouldn't be 
> good to change it with different class (some kind of list) because this may 
> break DV performance for dense fields. I hope someone can suggest interesting 
> solutions for this problem :).
> It would be great if discussion about sparse Doc Values merge performance can 
> start here.



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