Github user dsmiley commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/pull/302#discussion_r160769274
  
    --- Diff: 
lucene/spatial-extras/src/java/org/apache/lucene/spatial/prefix/tree/S2PrefixTreeCell.java
 ---
    @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
    +/*
    + * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    + * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    + * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    + * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    + * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    + * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    + *
    + *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    + *
    + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    + * limitations under the License.
    + */
    +
    +package org.apache.lucene.spatial.prefix.tree;
    +
    +import java.util.ArrayList;
    +import java.util.HashMap;
    +import java.util.List;
    +import java.util.Map;
    +
    +import com.google.common.geometry.S2CellId;
    +import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
    +import org.locationtech.spatial4j.shape.Shape;
    +import org.locationtech.spatial4j.shape.SpatialRelation;
    +
    +/**
    + * This class represents a S2 pixel in the RPT.
    + *
    + * @lucene.internal
    + */
    +class S2PrefixTreeCell implements Cell {
    +
    +    //Faces of S2 Geometry
    +    private static S2CellId[] FACES = new S2CellId[6];
    +    static {
    +        FACES[0] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(0, 0, 0);
    +        FACES[1] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(1, 0, 0);
    +        FACES[2] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(2, 0, 0);
    +        FACES[3] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(3, 0, 0);
    +        FACES[4] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(4, 0, 0);
    +        FACES[5] = S2CellId.fromFacePosLevel(5, 0, 0);
    +    }
    +
    +    /*Special character to define a cell leaf*/
    +    private static final byte LEAF = '+';
    +
    +    /*Tokens are used to serialize cells*/
    +    private static final byte[] TOKENS;
    +    /*Map containing mapping between tokens and integer values*/
    +    private static final Map<Byte,Integer> PIXELS;
    +    static {
    +        TOKENS = new byte[]{'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5'};
    +        PIXELS = new HashMap<>(6);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[0], 0);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[1], 1);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[2], 2);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[3], 3);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[4], 4);
    +        PIXELS.put(TOKENS[5], 5);
    +    }
    +
    +    S2CellId cellId;
    +    int level; //cache level
    +    S2PrefixTree tree;
    +
    +    SpatialRelation shapeRel= null;
    +    boolean isLeaf;
    +    Shape shape = null;
    +
    +    S2PrefixTreeCell(S2PrefixTree tree, S2CellId cellId){
    +        this.cellId= cellId;
    +        this.tree = tree;
    +        setLevel();
    +        if (getLevel() == tree.getMaxLevels()) {
    +            setLeaf();
    +        }
    +    }
    +
    +    void readCell(S2PrefixTree tree, BytesRef ref){
    +        isLeaf = false;
    +        shape = null;
    +        shapeRel = null;
    +        this.tree = tree;
    +        cellId = getS2CellIdFromBytesRef(ref);
    +        setLevel();
    +        if (isLeaf(ref) || getLevel() == tree.getMaxLevels()){
    +            setLeaf();
    +        }
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public SpatialRelation getShapeRel() {
    +        return shapeRel;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public void setShapeRel(SpatialRelation rel) {
    +        shapeRel = rel;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public boolean isLeaf() {
    +        return isLeaf;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public void setLeaf() {
    +        isLeaf = true;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public BytesRef getTokenBytesWithLeaf(BytesRef result) {
    +        result = getTokenBytesNoLeaf(result);
    +        //max levels do not have leaf
    +        if (isLeaf() && !(getLevel() == tree.getMaxLevels())){
    +            //Add leaf byte
    +            result.bytes[result.offset + result.length] = LEAF;
    +            result.length++;
    +        }
    +        return result;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public BytesRef getTokenBytesNoLeaf(BytesRef result) {
    +        if (result == null){
    +            result = new BytesRef();
    +        }
    +        getBytesRefFromS2CellId(cellId, result);
    +        return result;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public int getLevel() {
    +        return this.level;
    +    }
    +
    +    /**
    +     * Cache level of cell.
    +     */
    +    private void setLevel() {
    +        if (this.cellId == null) {
    +            this.level = 0;
    +        }
    +        else {
    +            this.level = this.cellId.level() + 1;
    +        }
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public CellIterator getNextLevelCells(Shape shapeFilter) {
    +        S2CellId[] children;
    +        if (cellId == null){ // this is the world cell
    +            children =  FACES;
    +        }
    +        else {
    +            children = new S2CellId[4];
    +            children[0] = cellId.childBegin();
    +            children[1] = children[0].next();
    +            children[2] = children[1].next();
    +            children[3] = children[2].next();
    +        }
    +        List<Cell> cells = new ArrayList<>(children.length);
    +        for (S2CellId pixel : children) {
    +            cells.add(new S2PrefixTreeCell(tree, pixel));
    +        }
    +        return new FilterCellIterator(cells.iterator(), shapeFilter);
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public Shape getShape(){
    +        if (shape==null){
    +            if (cellId == null) { //World cell
    +                return tree.getSpatialContext().getWorldBounds();
    +            }
    +            return tree.s2ShapeFactory.getS2CellShape(cellId);
    +        }
    +        return shape;
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public boolean isPrefixOf(Cell c) {
    +        if (cellId == null) {
    +            return true;
    +        }
    +        S2PrefixTreeCell cell =(S2PrefixTreeCell)c;
    +        return cellId.contains(cell.cellId);
    +    }
    +
    +    @Override
    +    public int compareToNoLeaf(Cell fromCell) {
    +        if (cellId == null) {
    +            return 1;
    +        }
    +        S2PrefixTreeCell cell = (S2PrefixTreeCell)fromCell;
    +        return cellId.compareTo(cell.cellId);
    +    }
    +
    +    /**
    +     * Check if a cell is a leaf.
    +     *
    +     * @param ref The Byteref of the leaf
    +     * @return true if it is a leaf, e.g last byte is the special 
Character.
    +     */
    +    private boolean isLeaf(BytesRef ref){
    +        return (ref.bytes[ref.offset + ref.length - 1] == LEAF);
    +    }
    +
    +    /**
    +     * Get the {@link S2CellId} from the {@link BytesRef} representation.
    +     *
    +     * @param ref The bytes.
    +     * @return the corresponding S2 cell.
    +     */
    +    private S2CellId getS2CellIdFromBytesRef(BytesRef ref){
    +        int length = ref.length;
    +        if (isLeaf(ref)){
    +            length--;
    +        }
    +        if (length == 0) {
    +            return null; //world cell
    +        }
    +        int face = PIXELS.get(ref.bytes[ref.offset]);
    +        S2CellId cellId = FACES[face];
    +        //we will do it directly with cell ids for performance
    +        long id = cellId.id();
    +        for (int i=ref.offset+1; i<ref.offset + length; i++){
    +            int pos = PIXELS.get(ref.bytes[i]);
    +            long oldLsb = id & -id;
    +            id  = id - oldLsb + (oldLsb >>> 2);
    +            id  = id + pos * ((id & -id) << 1);
    +        }
    +        return new S2CellId(id);
    +    }
    +
    +    /**
    +     * Codify a {@link S2CellId} into its {@link BytesRef} representation.
    +     *
    +     * @param cellId The S2 Cell id to codify.
    +     * @param bref The byteref representation.
    +     */
    +    private void getBytesRefFromS2CellId(S2CellId cellId, BytesRef bref){
    +        if (cellId == null) {//world cell
    +            bref.length=0;
    +            return;
    +        }
    +        int length = getLevel() + 1;
    +        byte[] b = new byte[length];
    --- End diff --
    
    the bref parameter may already have bytes that is of this length.  If it 
is, reuse it thus avoiding object allocation.  BytesRef exists to avoid object 
allocation and copying.


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