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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-4078?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13284113#comment-13284113
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Hoss Man commented on LUCENE-4078:
----------------------------------

bq. It doesn't match an empty string. It matches an empty string in between 
characters...

Well, it's more complicated then that.  it *does* match the empty string (in 
the sense of "does this regex match this entire string which happens to be 
empty) but in the context of "find" or "replace" on a larger string you are 
correct that it matches nothing, which means it matches the emptiness between 
characters.

bq. I'd be convinced '|' is a consistent way of saying 'match empty string or 
empty string' if "+" pattern worked ("match empty string one or more times"), 
but it doesn't -- this will fail with an error. So '|' is kind of special here.

I think that's just a fluke of syntax/precedence ... if you use parens 
(capturing or otherwise) you can say "match the empty pattern 1 or more 
times)...

{code}
$ perl -MData::Dumper -le 'print Dumper split /(?:)+/, "ABCD";'
$VAR1 = 'A';
$VAR2 = 'B';
$VAR3 = 'C';
$VAR4 = 'D';
{code}

Bottom Line: these patterns are all valid and meaningful, and everything we've 
discussed is tangential to the problem -- which seems to be that the JVM lets 
the empty pattern split in between chars instead of codepoints, which seems 
like a bug.
                
> PatternReplaceCharFilter assertion error
> ----------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: LUCENE-4078
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-4078
>             Project: Lucene - Java
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: Dawid Weiss
>            Assignee: Dawid Weiss
>            Priority: Minor
>             Fix For: 4.0
>
>
> Build: https://builds.apache.org/job/Lucene-trunk/1942/
> 1 tests failed.
> REGRESSION:  
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.pattern.TestPatternReplaceCharFilter.testRandomStrings
> Error Message:
> Stack Trace:
> java.lang.AssertionError
>        at 
> __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([8E91A6AC395FEED9:618A6129A5BB9EC]:0)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.MockTokenizer.readCodePoint(MockTokenizer.java:153)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.MockTokenizer.incrementToken(MockTokenizer.java:123)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkAnalysisConsistency(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:558)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:488)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:430)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:424)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.analysis.pattern.TestPatternReplaceCharFilter.testRandomStrings(TestPatternReplaceCharFilter.java:323)
>        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
>        at 
> sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
>        at 
> sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
>        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:616)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.invoke(RandomizedRunner.java:1969)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.access$1100(RandomizedRunner.java:132)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$6.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:814)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$7.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:875)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$8.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:889)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.TestRuleSetupTeardownChained$1.evaluate(TestRuleSetupTeardownChained.java:50)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.TestRuleFieldCacheSanity$1.evaluate(TestRuleFieldCacheSanity.java:32)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:45)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.SystemPropertiesInvariantRule$1.evaluate(SystemPropertiesInvariantRule.java:55)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.TestRuleReportUncaughtExceptions$1.evaluate(TestRuleReportUncaughtExceptions.java:68)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.TestRuleThreadAndTestName$1.evaluate(TestRuleThreadAndTestName.java:48)
>        at 
> org.apache.lucene.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:48)
>        at 
> com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.runSingleTest(Randomized

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