It would be super weird not to support VARCHAR as SQL engine. Banning CHAR
is probably fine, as its semantics is genuinely confusing.
We can issue a warning when parsing VARCHAR with a limit and suggest the
usage of String instead.

On Tue, Mar 17, 2020 at 10:27 AM Wenchen Fan <cloud0...@gmail.com> wrote:

> I agree that Spark can define the semantic of CHAR(x) differently than
> the SQL standard (no padding), and ask the data sources to follow it. But
> the problem is, some data sources may not be able to skip padding, like the
> Hive serde table.
>
> On the other hand, it's easier to require padding for CHAR(x). Even if
> some data sources don't support padding, Spark can simply do the padding at
> the read time, using the `rpad` function. However, if CHAR(x) is rarely
> used, maybe we should just ban it and only keep it for Hive compatibility,
> to save our work.
>
> VARCHAR(x) is a different story as it's a commonly used data type in
> databases. It has a length limitation which can help the backed engine to
> make better decisions when dealing with it. Currently Spark just treats
> VARCHAR(x) as string type, which works fine in most cases, but different
> data sources may have different behaviors during writing. For example,
> pgsql JDBC data source fails the writing if length limitation is hit, Hive
> serde table simply truncate the chars exceeding length limitation, Parquet
> data source writes whatever string it gets.
>
> We can just document that, the underlying data source may or may not
> enforce the length limitation of VARCHAR(x). Or we can make VARCHAR(x) a
> first-class data type, which requires a lot more changes (type coercion,
> type cast, etc.).
>
> Before we make a final decision, I think it's reasonable to ban
> CHAR/VARCHAR in non-Hive-serde tables in 3.0, so that we don't introduce
> silent result changing here.
>
> Any ideas are welcome!
>
> Thanks,
> Wenchen
>
> On Tue, Mar 17, 2020 at 11:29 AM Stephen Coy <s...@infomedia.com.au.invalid>
> wrote:
>
>> I don’t think I can recall any usages of type CHAR in any situation.
>>
>> Really, it’s only use (on any traditional SQL database) would be when you
>> *want* a fixed width character column that has been right padded with
>> spaces.
>>
>>
>> On 17 Mar 2020, at 12:13 pm, Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com> wrote:
>>
>> For sure.
>>
>> There's another reason I feel char is not that important and it's more
>> important to be internally consistent (e.g. all data sources support it
>> with the same behavior, vs one data sources do one behavior and another do
>> the other). char was created at a time when cpu was slow and storage was
>> expensive, and being able to pack things nicely at fixed length was highly
>> useful. The fact that it was padded was initially done for performance, not
>> for the padding itself. A lot has changed since char was invented, and with
>> modern technologies (columnar, dictionary encoding, etc) there is little
>> reason to use a char data type for anything. As a matter of fact, Spark
>> internally converts char type to string to work with.
>>
>>
>> I see two solutions really.
>>
>> 1. We require padding, and ban all uses of char when it is not properly
>> padded. This would ban all the native data sources, which are the primarily
>> way people are using Spark. This leaves only char support for tables going
>> through Hive serdes, which are slow to begin with. It is basically Dongjoon
>> and Wenchen's suggestion. This turns char support into a compatibility
>> feature only for some Hive tables that cannot be converted into Spark
>> native data sources. This has confusing end-user behavior because depending
>> on whether that Hive table is converted into Spark native data sources, we
>> might or might not support char type.
>>
>> An extension to the above is to introduce padding for char type across
>> the board, and make char type a first class data type. There are a lot of
>> work to introduce another data type, especially for one that has virtually no
>> usage
>> <https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?geo=US&q=hive%20char,hive%20string>
>>  and
>> its usage will likely continue to decline in the future (just reason from
>> first principle based on the reason char was introduced in the first place).
>>
>> Now I'm assuming it's a lot of work to do char properly. But if it is not
>> the case (e.g. just a simple rule to insert padding at planning time), then
>> maybe it's worth doing it this way. I'm totally OK with this too.
>>
>> What I'd oppose is to just ban char for the native data sources, and do
>> not have a plan to address this problem systematically.
>>
>>
>> 2. Just forget about padding, like what Snowflake and MySQL have done.
>> Document that char(x) is just an alias for string. And then move on. Almost
>> no work needs to be done...
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:54 PM, Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon.h...@gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Thank you for sharing and confirming.
>>>
>>> We had better consider all heterogeneous customers in the world. And, I
>>> also have experiences with the non-negligible cases in on-prem.
>>>
>>> Bests,
>>> Dongjoon.
>>>
>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:42 PM Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> −User
>>>>
>>>> char barely showed up (honestly negligible). I was comparing select vs
>>>> select.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:40 PM, Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon.h...@gmail.com
>>>> > wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Ur, are you comparing the number of SELECT statement with TRIM and
>>>>> CREATE statements with `CHAR`?
>>>>>
>>>>> > I looked up our usage logs (sorry I can't share this publicly) and
>>>>> trim has at least four orders of magnitude higher usage than char.
>>>>>
>>>>> We need to discuss more about what to do. This thread is what I
>>>>> expected exactly. :)
>>>>>
>>>>> > BTW I'm not opposing us sticking to SQL standard (I'm in general for
>>>>> it). I was merely pointing out that if we deviate away from SQL standard 
>>>>> in
>>>>> any way we are considered "wrong" or "incorrect". That argument itself is
>>>>> flawed when plenty of other popular database systems also deviate away 
>>>>> from
>>>>> the standard on this specific behavior.
>>>>>
>>>>> Bests,
>>>>> Dongjoon.
>>>>>
>>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:35 PM Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> BTW I'm not opposing us sticking to SQL standard (I'm in general for
>>>>>> it). I was merely pointing out that if we deviate away from SQL standard 
>>>>>> in
>>>>>> any way we are considered "wrong" or "incorrect". That argument itself is
>>>>>> flawed when plenty of other popular database systems also deviate away 
>>>>>> from
>>>>>> the standard on this specific behavior.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:29 PM, Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I looked up our usage logs (sorry I can't share this publicly) and
>>>>>>> trim has at least four orders of magnitude higher usage than char.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:27 PM, Dongjoon Hyun <
>>>>>>> dongjoon.h...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thank you, Stephen and Reynold.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> To Reynold.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The way I see the following is a little different.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>       > CHAR is an undocumented data type without clearly defined
>>>>>>>> semantics.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Let me describe in Apache Spark User's View point.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Apache Spark started to claim `HiveContext` (and `hql/hiveql`
>>>>>>>> function) at Apache Spark 1.x without much documentation. In addition,
>>>>>>>> there still exists an effort which is trying to keep it in 3.0.0 age.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>        https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-31088
>>>>>>>>        Add back HiveContext and createExternalTable
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Historically, we tried to make many SQL-based customer migrate
>>>>>>>> their workloads from Apache Hive into Apache Spark through 
>>>>>>>> `HiveContext`.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Although Apache Spark didn't have a good document about the
>>>>>>>> inconsistent behavior among its data sources, Apache Hive has been
>>>>>>>> providing its documentation and many customers rely the behavior.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>       -
>>>>>>>> https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+Types
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> At that time, frequently in on-prem Hadoop clusters by well-known
>>>>>>>> vendors, many existing huge tables were created by Apache Hive, not 
>>>>>>>> Apache
>>>>>>>> Spark. And, Apache Spark is used for boosting SQL performance with its
>>>>>>>> *caching*. This was true because Apache Spark was added into the
>>>>>>>> Hadoop-vendor products later than Apache Hive.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Until the turning point at Apache Spark 2.0, we tried to catch
>>>>>>>> up more features to be consistent at least with Hive tables in Apache 
>>>>>>>> Hive
>>>>>>>> and Apache Spark because two SQL engines share the same tables.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> For the following, technically, while Apache Hive doesn't changed
>>>>>>>> its existing behavior in this part, Apache Spark evolves inevitably by
>>>>>>>> moving away from the original Apache Spark old behaviors one-by-one.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>       >  the value is already fucked up
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The following is the change log.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>       - When we switched the default value of
>>>>>>>> `convertMetastoreParquet`. (at Apache Spark 1.2)
>>>>>>>>       - When we switched the default value of `convertMetastoreOrc`
>>>>>>>> (at Apache Spark 2.4)
>>>>>>>>       - When we switched `CREATE TABLE` itself. (Change `TEXT`
>>>>>>>> table to `PARQUET` table at Apache Spark 3.0)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> To sum up, this has been a well-known issue in the community and
>>>>>>>> among the customers.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Bests,
>>>>>>>> Dongjoon.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 5:24 PM Stephen Coy <s...@infomedia.com.au>
>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hi there,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I’m kind of new around here, but I have had experience with all of
>>>>>>>>> all the so called “big iron” databases such as Oracle, IBM DB2 and
>>>>>>>>> Microsoft SQL Server as well as Postgresql.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> They all support the notion of “ANSI padding” for CHAR columns -
>>>>>>>>> which means that such columns are always space padded, and they 
>>>>>>>>> default to
>>>>>>>>> having this enabled (for ANSI compliance).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> MySQL also supports it, but it defaults to leaving it disabled for
>>>>>>>>> historical reasons not unlike what we have here.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In my opinion we should push toward standards compliance where
>>>>>>>>> possible and then document where it cannot work.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> If users don’t like the padding on CHAR columns then they should
>>>>>>>>> change to VARCHAR - I believe that was its purpose in the first 
>>>>>>>>> place, and
>>>>>>>>> it does not dictate any sort of “padding".
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I can see why you might “ban” the use of CHAR columns where they
>>>>>>>>> cannot be consistently supported, but VARCHAR is a different animal 
>>>>>>>>> and I
>>>>>>>>> would expect it to work consistently everywhere.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Steve C
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On 17 Mar 2020, at 10:01 am, Dongjoon Hyun <
>>>>>>>>> dongjoon.h...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hi, Reynold.
>>>>>>>>> (And +Michael Armbrust)
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> If you think so, do you think it's okay that we change the return
>>>>>>>>> value silently? Then, I'm wondering why we reverted `TRIM` functions 
>>>>>>>>> then?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > Are we sure "not padding" is "incorrect"?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Bests,
>>>>>>>>> Dongjoon.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Mar 15, 2020 at 11:15 PM Gourav Sengupta <
>>>>>>>>> gourav.sengu...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Hi,
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> 100% agree with Reynold.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Regards,
>>>>>>>>>> Gourav Sengupta
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, Mar 16, 2020 at 3:31 AM Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com>
>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Are we sure "not padding" is "incorrect"?
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> I don't know whether ANSI SQL actually requires padding, but
>>>>>>>>>>> plenty of databases don't actually pad.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-text.html
>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https:%2F%2Fdocs.snowflake.net%2Fmanuals%2Fsql-reference%2Fdata-types-text.html%23:~:text%3DCHAR%2520%252C%2520CHARACTER%2C(1)%2520is%2520the%2520default.%26text%3DSnowflake%2520currently%2520deviates%2520from%2520common%2Cspace-padded%2520at%2520the%2520end.&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062044368&sdata=BvnZTTPTZBAi8oGWIvJk2fC%2FYSgdvq%2BAxtOj0nVzufk%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>  :
>>>>>>>>>>> "Snowflake currently deviates from common CHAR semantics in that 
>>>>>>>>>>> strings
>>>>>>>>>>> shorter than the maximum length are not space-padded at the end."
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> MySQL:
>>>>>>>>>>> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53528645/why-char-dont-have-padding-in-mysql
>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstackoverflow.com%2Fquestions%2F53528645%2Fwhy-char-dont-have-padding-in-mysql&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062044368&sdata=3OGLht%2Fa28GcKhAGwJPXIR%2BMODiIwXGVuNuResZqwXM%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Mar 15, 2020 at 7:02 PM, Dongjoon Hyun <
>>>>>>>>>>> dongjoon.h...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Hi, Reynold.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Please see the following for the context.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-31136
>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fissues.apache.org%2Fjira%2Fbrowse%2FSPARK-31136&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062054364&sdata=pWQ9QhfVY4Uzyc8oIJ1QONQ0zOBAQ2DGSemyBj%2BvFeM%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Revert SPARK-30098 Use default datasource as provider for
>>>>>>>>>>>> CREATE TABLE syntax"
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> I raised the above issue according to the new rubric, and the
>>>>>>>>>>>> banning was the proposed alternative to reduce the potential issue.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Please give us your opinion since it's still PR.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Bests,
>>>>>>>>>>>> Dongjoon.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sat, Mar 14, 2020 at 17:54 Reynold Xin <r...@databricks.com>
>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> I don’t understand this change. Wouldn’t this “ban” confuse
>>>>>>>>>>>>> the hell out of both new and old users?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> For old users, their old code that was working for char(3)
>>>>>>>>>>>>> would now stop working.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> For new users, depending on whether the underlying metastore
>>>>>>>>>>>>> char(3) is either supported but different from ansi Sql (which is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> not that
>>>>>>>>>>>>> big of a deal if we explain it) or not supported.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sat, Mar 14, 2020 at 3:51 PM Dongjoon Hyun <
>>>>>>>>>>>>> dongjoon.h...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Hi, All.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Apache Spark has been suffered from a known consistency issue
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> on `CHAR` type behavior among its usages and configurations. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> However, the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> evolution direction has been gradually moving forward to be 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> consistent
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> inside Apache Spark because we don't have `CHAR` offically. The 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> following
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is the summary.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With 1.6.x ~ 2.3.x, `STORED PARQUET` has the following
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> different result.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (`spark.sql.hive.convertMetastoreParquet=false` provides a
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> fallback to Hive behavior.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> CREATE TABLE t1(a CHAR(3));
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> CREATE TABLE t2(a CHAR(3)) STORED AS ORC;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> CREATE TABLE t3(a CHAR(3)) STORED AS PARQUET;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> INSERT INTO TABLE t1 SELECT 'a ';
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> INSERT INTO TABLE t2 SELECT 'a ';
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> INSERT INTO TABLE t3 SELECT 'a ';
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t1;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a   3
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t2;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a   3
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t3;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Since 2.4.0, `STORED AS ORC` became consistent.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (`spark.sql.hive.convertMetastoreOrc=false` provides a
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> fallback to Hive behavior.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t1;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a   3
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t2;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t3;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Since 3.0.0-preview2, `CREATE TABLE` (without `STORED AS`
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> clause) became consistent.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (`spark.sql.legacy.createHiveTableByDefault.enabled=true`
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> provides a fallback to Hive behavior.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t1;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t2;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     spark-sql> SELECT a, length(a) FROM t3;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     a 2
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In addition, in 3.0.0, SPARK-31147 aims to ban `CHAR/VARCHAR`
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> type in the following syntax to be safe.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     CREATE TABLE t(a CHAR(3));
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>     https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/27902
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fapache%2Fspark%2Fpull%2F27902&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062054364&sdata=lhwUP5TcTtaO%2BLUTmx%2BPTjT0ASXPrQ7oKLL0N6EG0Ug%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> This email is sent out to inform you based on the new policy
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> we voted.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The recommendation is always using Apache Spark's native type
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> `String`.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Bests,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dongjoon.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> References:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1. "CHAR implementation?", 2017/09/15
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/96b004331d9762e356053b5c8c97e953e398e489d15e1b49e775702f%40%3Cdev.spark.apache.org%3E
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.apache.org%2Fthread.html%2F96b004331d9762e356053b5c8c97e953e398e489d15e1b49e775702f%2540%253Cdev.spark.apache.org%253E&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062064358&sdata=6hkno6zKTkcIrO%2FJo4hTYihsYvNynMuWcxhzL0fZR68%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2. "FYI: SPARK-30098 Use default datasource as provider for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> CREATE TABLE syntax", 2019/12/06
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/493f88c10169680191791f9f6962fd16cd0ffa3b06726e92ed04cbe1%40%3Cdev.spark.apache.org%3E
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.apache.org%2Fthread.html%2F493f88c10169680191791f9f6962fd16cd0ffa3b06726e92ed04cbe1%2540%253Cdev.spark.apache.org%253E&data=02%7C01%7Cscoy%40infomedia.com.au%7C5346c8d2675342008b5708d7c9fdff54%7C45d5407150f849caa59f9457123dc71c%7C0%7C0%7C637199965062064358&sdata=QJnEU3mvUJff53Gw8F%2FAbxzd%2F8ZA1hhuoQwicX4ZXyI%3D&reserved=0>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
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