Implement another version of QemuLoadImageLib that uses LoadImage and StartImage, but falls back to the legacy Linux loader code if that fails. The logic in the legacy fallback routines is identical to the current QEMU linux loader for X64 and IA32.
Note the use of a LoadedImage pseudo-protocol for the legacy loaded image: this makes it possible to expose the LoadImage/StartImage abstraction for the legacy loader, using the EFI paradigm of identifying loaded image solely by a handle. The pseudo-protocol record type and the use of CR() is to get DEBUG coverage for the code that deals with these handles. Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2566 Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheu...@linaro.org> --- OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.c | 562 ++++++++++++++++++++ OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.inf | 42 ++ OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec | 1 + 3 files changed, 605 insertions(+) diff --git a/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.c b/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a1ced417d1cc --- /dev/null +++ b/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.c @@ -0,0 +1,562 @@ +/** @file + X86 specific implementation of QemuLoadImageLib library class interface + with support for loading mixed mode images and non-EFI stub images + + Copyright (c) 2020, ARM Ltd. All rights reserved.<BR> + + SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent +**/ + +#include <Uefi.h> + +#include <Guid/QemuKernelLoaderFsMedia.h> +#include <Library/DebugLib.h> +#include <Library/LoadLinuxLib.h> +#include <Library/MemoryAllocationLib.h> +#include <Library/PrintLib.h> +#include <Library/QemuFwCfgLib.h> +#include <Library/QemuLoadImageLib.h> +#include <Library/UefiBootServicesTableLib.h> +#include <Protocol/DevicePath.h> +#include <Protocol/LoadedImage.h> + +#pragma pack (1) +typedef struct { + EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL FilePathHeader; + CHAR16 FilePath[sizeof (L"kernel")]; +} KERNEL_FILE_DEVPATH; + +typedef struct { + VENDOR_DEVICE_PATH VenMediaNode; + KERNEL_FILE_DEVPATH FileNode; + EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL EndNode; +} KERNEL_VENMEDIA_FILE_DEVPATH; +#pragma pack () + +STATIC CONST KERNEL_VENMEDIA_FILE_DEVPATH mKernelDevicePath = { + { + { + MEDIA_DEVICE_PATH, MEDIA_VENDOR_DP, + { sizeof (VENDOR_DEVICE_PATH) } + }, + QEMU_KERNEL_LOADER_FS_MEDIA_GUID + }, { + { + MEDIA_DEVICE_PATH, MEDIA_FILEPATH_DP, + { sizeof (KERNEL_FILE_DEVPATH) } + }, + L"kernel", + }, { + END_DEVICE_PATH_TYPE, END_ENTIRE_DEVICE_PATH_SUBTYPE, + { sizeof (EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL) } + } +}; + +typedef struct { + VOID *SetupBuf; + VOID *KernelBuf; + CHAR8 *CommandLine; + VOID *InitrdData; + UINTN SetupSize; + UINTN KernelInitialSize; + UINTN InitrdSize; + UINTN CommandLineSize; +} QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE; + +#define QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_SIG \ + SIGNATURE_64 ('Q', 'L', 'O', 'A', 'D', 'I', 'M', 'G') + +typedef struct { + UINT64 Signature; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE LoadedImage; +} QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC; + +#define QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC_FROM_LOADED_IMAGE(ImagePointer) \ + CR (ImagePointer, QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC, LoadedImage, \ + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_SIG) + +STATIC +VOID +FreeLegacyImage ( + IN QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE *LoadedImage + ) +{ + if (LoadedImage->SetupBuf != NULL) { + FreePages (LoadedImage->SetupBuf, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->SetupSize)); + } + if (LoadedImage->KernelBuf != NULL) { + FreePages (LoadedImage->KernelBuf, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->KernelInitialSize)); + } + if (LoadedImage->CommandLine != NULL) { + FreePages (LoadedImage->CommandLine, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->CommandLineSize)); + } + if (LoadedImage->InitrdData != NULL) { + FreePages (LoadedImage->InitrdData, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->InitrdSize)); + } +} + +STATIC +EFI_STATUS +QemuLoadLegacyImage ( + OUT EFI_HANDLE *ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_STATUS Status; + UINTN KernelSize; + UINTN SetupSize; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC *LoadedImageRec; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE *LoadedImage; + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemKernelSize); + KernelSize = (UINTN)QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemKernelSetupSize); + SetupSize = (UINTN)QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + if (KernelSize == 0 || SetupSize == 0) { + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "qemu -kernel was not used.\n")); + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; + } + + LoadedImageRec = AllocateZeroPool (sizeof (*LoadedImageRec)); + if (LoadedImageRec == NULL) { + return EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES; + } + + LoadedImageRec->Signature = QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_SIG; + LoadedImage = &LoadedImageRec->LoadedImage; + + LoadedImage->SetupSize = SetupSize; + LoadedImage->SetupBuf = LoadLinuxAllocateKernelSetupPages ( + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->SetupSize)); + if (LoadedImage->SetupBuf == NULL) { + DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate memory for kernel setup!\n")); + return EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES; + } + + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Setup size: 0x%x\n", (UINT32)LoadedImage->SetupSize)); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Reading kernel setup image ...")); + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemKernelSetupData); + QemuFwCfgReadBytes (LoadedImage->SetupSize, LoadedImage->SetupBuf); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " [done]\n")); + + Status = LoadLinuxCheckKernelSetup (LoadedImage->SetupBuf, + LoadedImage->SetupSize); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + Status = LoadLinuxInitializeKernelSetup (LoadedImage->SetupBuf); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + LoadedImage->KernelInitialSize = LoadLinuxGetKernelSize ( + LoadedImage->SetupBuf, KernelSize); + if (LoadedImage->KernelInitialSize == 0) { + Status = EFI_UNSUPPORTED; + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + LoadedImage->KernelBuf = LoadLinuxAllocateKernelPages ( + LoadedImage->SetupBuf, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->KernelInitialSize) + ); + if (LoadedImage->KernelBuf == NULL) { + DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "Unable to allocate memory for kernel!\n")); + Status = EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES; + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Kernel size: 0x%x\n", (UINT32)KernelSize)); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Reading kernel image ...")); + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemKernelData); + QemuFwCfgReadBytes (KernelSize, LoadedImage->KernelBuf); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " [done]\n")); + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemCommandLineSize); + LoadedImage->CommandLineSize = (UINTN)QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + if (LoadedImage->CommandLineSize > 0) { + LoadedImage->CommandLine = LoadLinuxAllocateCommandLinePages ( + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES ( + LoadedImage->CommandLineSize)); + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemCommandLineData); + QemuFwCfgReadBytes (LoadedImage->CommandLineSize, LoadedImage->CommandLine); + } else { + LoadedImage->CommandLine = NULL; + } + + Status = LoadLinuxSetCommandLine (LoadedImage->SetupBuf, + LoadedImage->CommandLine); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemInitrdSize); + LoadedImage->InitrdSize = (UINTN)QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + if (LoadedImage->InitrdSize > 0) { + LoadedImage->InitrdData = LoadLinuxAllocateInitrdPages ( + LoadedImage->SetupBuf, + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (LoadedImage->InitrdSize)); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Initrd size: 0x%x\n", + (UINT32)LoadedImage->InitrdSize)); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Reading initrd image ...")); + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemInitrdData); + QemuFwCfgReadBytes (LoadedImage->InitrdSize, LoadedImage->InitrdData); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, " [done]\n")); + } else { + LoadedImage->InitrdData = NULL; + } + + Status = LoadLinuxSetInitrd (LoadedImage->SetupBuf, LoadedImage->InitrdData, + LoadedImage->InitrdSize); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + + Status = gBS->InstallProtocolInterface (ImageHandle, + &gX86QemuKernelLoadedImageGuid, EFI_NATIVE_INTERFACE, + LoadedImage); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + goto FreeAndReturn; + } + return EFI_SUCCESS; + +FreeAndReturn: + FreeLegacyImage (LoadedImage); + FreePool (LoadedImageRec); + return Status; +} + +STATIC +EFI_STATUS +QemuStartLegacyImage ( + IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_STATUS Status; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE *LoadedImage; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC *LoadedImageRec; + + Status = gBS->OpenProtocol (ImageHandle, + &gX86QemuKernelLoadedImageGuid, + (VOID **)&LoadedImage, + gImageHandle, // AgentHandle + NULL, // ControllerHandle + EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL + ); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + return EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER; + } + + LoadedImageRec = QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC_FROM_LOADED_IMAGE (LoadedImage); + + return LoadLinux (LoadedImageRec->LoadedImage.KernelBuf, + LoadedImageRec->LoadedImage.SetupBuf); +} + +STATIC +EFI_STATUS +QemuUnloadLegacyImage ( + IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_STATUS Status; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE *LoadedImage; + QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC *LoadedImageRec; + + Status = gBS->OpenProtocol (ImageHandle, + &gX86QemuKernelLoadedImageGuid, + (VOID **)&LoadedImage, + gImageHandle, // AgentHandle + NULL, // ControllerHandle + EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL + ); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + return EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER; + } + + LoadedImageRec = QEMU_LEGACY_LOADED_IMAGE_REC_FROM_LOADED_IMAGE (LoadedImage); + + FreeLegacyImage (&LoadedImageRec->LoadedImage); + FreePool (LoadedImageRec); + return EFI_SUCCESS; +} + +/** + Download the kernel, the initial ramdisk, and the kernel command line from + QEMU's fw_cfg. The kernel will be instructed via its command line to load + the initrd from the same Simple FileSystem. + + @param[out] ImageHandle The image handle that was allocated for + loading the image + @param[out] LoadedImage The loaded image protocol that was installed + on ImageHandle by the LoadImage boot service. + + @retval EFI_SUCCESS The image was loaded successfully. + @retval EFI_NOT_FOUND Kernel image was not found. + @retval EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES Memory allocation failed. + @retval EFI_PROTOCOL_ERROR Unterminated kernel command line. + + @return Error codes from any of the underlying + functions. +**/ +EFI_STATUS +EFIAPI +QemuLoadKernelImage ( + OUT EFI_HANDLE *ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_STATUS Status; + EFI_HANDLE KernelImageHandle; + EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL *KernelLoadedImage; + UINTN CommandLineSize; + CHAR8 *CommandLine; + UINTN InitrdSize; + + // + // Load the image. This should call back into the QEMU EFI loader file system. + // + Status = gBS->LoadImage ( + FALSE, // BootPolicy: exact match required + gImageHandle, // ParentImageHandle + (EFI_DEVICE_PATH_PROTOCOL *)&mKernelDevicePath, + NULL, // SourceBuffer + 0, // SourceSize + &KernelImageHandle + ); + switch (Status) { + case EFI_SUCCESS: + break; + + case EFI_NOT_FOUND: + // + // The image does not exist - no -kernel image was supplied via the + // command line so no point in invoking the legacy fallback + // + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; + + case EFI_SECURITY_VIOLATION: + // + // We are running with UEFI secure boot enabled, and the image failed to + // authenticate. For compatibility reasons, we fall back to the legacy + // loader in this case. Since the image has been loaded, we need to unload + // it before proceeding + // + gBS->UnloadImage (KernelImageHandle); + // + // Fall through + // + case EFI_UNSUPPORTED: + // + // The image is not natively supported or cross-type supported. Let's try + // loading it using the loader that parses the bzImage metadata directly. + // + KernelImageHandle = NULL; + Status = QemuLoadLegacyImage (&KernelImageHandle); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "%a: QemuLoadLegacyImage(): %r\n", __FUNCTION__, + Status)); + return Status; + } + *ImageHandle = KernelImageHandle; + return EFI_SUCCESS; + + default: + DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "%a: LoadImage(): %r\n", __FUNCTION__, Status)); + return Status; + } + + // + // Construct the kernel command line. + // + Status = gBS->OpenProtocol ( + KernelImageHandle, + &gEfiLoadedImageProtocolGuid, + (VOID **)&KernelLoadedImage, + gImageHandle, // AgentHandle + NULL, // ControllerHandle + EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL + ); + ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status); + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemCommandLineSize); + CommandLineSize = (UINTN) QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + if (CommandLineSize == 0) { + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize = 0; + } else { + CommandLine = AllocatePool (CommandLineSize); + ASSERT (CommandLine != NULL); + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemCommandLineData); + QemuFwCfgReadBytes (CommandLineSize, CommandLine); + + // + // Verify NUL-termination of the command line. + // + if (CommandLine[CommandLineSize - 1] != '\0') { + DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "%a: kernel command line is not NUL-terminated\n", + __FUNCTION__)); + Status = EFI_PROTOCOL_ERROR; + goto FreeCommandLine; + } + + // + // Drop the terminating NUL, convert to UTF-16. + // + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize = (CommandLineSize - 1) * 2; + } + + QemuFwCfgSelectItem (QemuFwCfgItemInitrdSize); + InitrdSize = (UINTN) QemuFwCfgRead64 (); + + if (InitrdSize > 0) { + // + // Append ' initrd=initrd' in UTF-16. + // + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize += sizeof (L" initrd=initrd") - 2; + } + + if (KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize == 0) { + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions = NULL; + } else { + // + // NUL-terminate in UTF-16. + // + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize += 2; + + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions = AllocatePool ( + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize); + if (KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions == NULL) { + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize = 0; + Status = EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES; + goto FreeCommandLine; + } + + UnicodeSPrintAsciiFormat ( + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions, + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize, + "%a%a", + (CommandLineSize == 0) ? "" : CommandLine, + (InitrdSize == 0) ? "" : " initrd=initrd" + ); + DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "%a: command line: \"%s\"\n", __FUNCTION__, + (CHAR16 *)KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions)); + } + + *ImageHandle = KernelImageHandle; + return EFI_SUCCESS; + +FreeCommandLine: + FreePool (CommandLine); + gBS->UnloadImage (KernelImageHandle); + + return Status; +} + +/** + Transfer control to a kernel image loaded with QemuLoadKernelImage () + + @param[in] ImageHandle Handle of image to be started. + + @retval EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER ImageHandle is either an invalid image handle + or the image has already been initialized with + StartImage + @retval EFI_SECURITY_VIOLATION The current platform policy specifies that the + image should not be started. + + @return Error codes returned by the started image +**/ +EFI_STATUS +EFIAPI +QemuStartKernelImage ( + IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_STATUS Status; + + Status = gBS->StartImage ( + ImageHandle, + NULL, // ExitDataSize + NULL // ExitData + ); + + switch (Status) { +#ifdef MDE_CPU_IA32 + case EFI_UNSUPPORTED: + // + // On IA32, EFI_UNSUPPORTED means that the image's machine type is X64 while + // we are expecting a IA32 one, and the StartImage () boot service is unable + // to handle it, either because the image does not have the special .compat + // PE/COFF section that Linux specifies for mixed mode capable images, or + // because we are running without the support code for that. So do a legacy + // load instead, but do it first so we can reuse the same handle. Then, + // unload the normally loaded image. + // + Status = QemuLoadLegacyImage (&ImageHandle); + if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + return Status; + } + QemuUnloadKernelImage (ImageHandle); + // + // Fall through + // +#endif + case EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER: + return QemuStartLegacyImage (ImageHandle); + default: + break; + } + return Status; +} + +/** + Unloads an image loaded with QemuLoadKernelImage (). + + @param ImageHandle Handle that identifies the image to be + unloaded. + + @retval EFI_SUCCESS The image has been unloaded. + @retval EFI_UNSUPPORTED The image has been started, and does not + support unload. + @retval EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER ImageHandle is not a valid image handle. + +**/ +EFI_STATUS +EFIAPI +QemuUnloadKernelImage ( + IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle + ) +{ + EFI_LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL *KernelLoadedImage; + EFI_STATUS Status; + + Status = gBS->OpenProtocol ( + ImageHandle, + &gEfiLoadedImageProtocolGuid, + (VOID **)&KernelLoadedImage, + gImageHandle, // AgentHandle + NULL, // ControllerHandle + EFI_OPEN_PROTOCOL_GET_PROTOCOL + ); + if (Status == EFI_UNSUPPORTED) { + return QemuUnloadLegacyImage (ImageHandle); + } else if (EFI_ERROR (Status)) { + return EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER; + } + + if (KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions != NULL) { + FreePool (KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions); + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptions = NULL; + } + KernelLoadedImage->LoadOptionsSize = 0; + + return gBS->UnloadImage (ImageHandle); +} diff --git a/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.inf b/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.inf new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4208f5da3b31 --- /dev/null +++ b/OvmfPkg/Library/X86QemuLoadImageLib/X86QemuLoadImageLib.inf @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## @file +# X86 specific implementation of QemuLoadImageLib library class interface +# with support for loading mixed mode images and non-EFI stub images +# +# Copyright (c) 2020, ARM Ltd. All rights reserved.<BR> +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent +# +## + +[Defines] + INF_VERSION = 1.27 + BASE_NAME = X86QemuLoadImageLib + FILE_GUID = 2304df80-e21d-4170-9c3c-113c878f7ac0 + MODULE_TYPE = BASE + VERSION_STRING = 1.0 + LIBRARY_CLASS = QemuLoadImageLib|DXE_DRIVER + +[Sources] + X86QemuLoadImageLib.c + +[Packages] + MdeModulePkg/MdeModulePkg.dec + MdePkg/MdePkg.dec + OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec + +[LibraryClasses] + DebugLib + MemoryAllocationLib + LoadLinuxLib + PrintLib + QemuFwCfgLib + ReportStatusCodeLib + UefiBootServicesTableLib + +[Protocols] + gEfiDevicePathProtocolGuid + gEfiLoadedImageProtocolGuid + +[Guids] + gQemuKernelLoaderFsMediaGuid + gX86QemuKernelLoadedImageGuid diff --git a/OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec b/OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec index 26f977bad795..e66af38f4290 100644 --- a/OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec +++ b/OvmfPkg/OvmfPkg.dec @@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ [Guids] gEfiLegacyDevOrderVariableGuid = {0xa56074db, 0x65fe, 0x45f7, {0xbd, 0x21, 0x2d, 0x2b, 0xdd, 0x8e, 0x96, 0x52}} gLinuxEfiInitrdMediaGuid = {0x5568e427, 0x68fc, 0x4f3d, {0xac, 0x74, 0xca, 0x55, 0x52, 0x31, 0xcc, 0x68}} gQemuKernelLoaderFsMediaGuid = {0x1428f772, 0xb64a, 0x441e, {0xb8, 0xc3, 0x9e, 0xbd, 0xd7, 0xf8, 0x93, 0xc7}} + gX86QemuKernelLoadedImageGuid = {0xa3edc05d, 0xb618, 0x4ff6, {0x95, 0x52, 0x76, 0xd7, 0x88, 0x63, 0x43, 0xc8}} [Protocols] gVirtioDeviceProtocolGuid = {0xfa920010, 0x6785, 0x4941, {0xb6, 0xec, 0x49, 0x8c, 0x57, 0x9f, 0x16, 0x0a}} -- 2.17.1 -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Groups.io Links: You receive all messages sent to this group. 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