Greetings D People I've been building some support code for my new app and decided to take advantage of the generic support available in D. What follows is my implementation of a generic support class. It's really the first I've done, so if you could give it a quick once-over I'd appreciate it. If it's the correct way to implement this, perhaps the D newbies could use it as an example.
Problem: Develop a class that maintains a ranked list of the top 'n' values. Write it so that it's easily maintainable in a library and useful for more than one type. It would be better if the class could track minimum or maximum values with little to no performance impact. Solution: 1. Templates can be used to provide type-independent implementations. 2. A template class (and interface) should provide a clean library definition 3. Since ranking behavior for min and max only differs by a single comparison, some sort of template flag should allow the behavior to change at compile-time. Implementation: First, a definition of the interface for our library: public interface Ranker(T) { bool submit(T value); // submits value to test for inclusion. True if in top values, false otherwise bool expire(T value); // removes a current member. False if not present, true otherwise T extreme(); // returns the largest magnitude member } Note: Since our interface contains an argument T, the interface is a generic and can be used for any type. Okay, lets create a class for the implementation: class Rank(T, A...) : Ranker!(T) { That's a mouthful. Let's take it one piece at a time. Internally a class template is represented like this: template Rank(T): { class Rank(T) ... } But the short form for this is: class Rank(T) { ... } We want our template class to implement the Ranker interface. We have to make sure that we include the exclamation point when we use our interface template. Now we have: class Rank(T): Ranker!(T) { ... } Almost done, but we need to be able to pass a compile-time flag to our template so it can compile-in the slight change needed to compare against minimums or maximums. This could probably be implemented using some sort of delegate pattern, but including the proper behavior with a compile-time switch would avoid the possible function call overhead. So let's try passing a flag to the template at compile time and using the 'static if' inside the critical method to decide which comparison to use (<= or >=). Here, I'm passing flags to the template using a variadic argument list. It's indicated by the parameter A followed by an ellipsis (...). The individual flags passed in this way can be accessed as if A were an array of the arguments passed. So, let's look at the updated declaration: class Rank(T, A...) : Ranker!(T) { I'm going to use the first element of A to indicate what kind of Ranker I want. If A[0] < 0 then we compile a minimum ranker, else we compile a max ranker. I'm also going to create an alias so our template is easier to use, like this: alias Rank!(int, -1) IntMinRank; alias Rank!(double, 1) DblMaxRank; (Note: the complete type independence of this class assumes that proper underlying operators have been implemented for comparison etc). So, a skeleton version of the class looks like this: ----- import tango.io.Stdout; public interface Ranker(T) { bool submit(T value); // submits a value of type T to be included in top 'n' values, true if added or already present bool expire(T value); // removes a previously included value of type T from top 'n' values, false if non-existant T extreme(); // returns the value of type T from Ranker which is the current top value } class Rank(T, A...) : Ranker!(T) { struct RANK { T value; int occurs; } RANK members[]; int len; this(int size) { auto members = new RANK[size]; // some other init code } bool submit(T value) { int i; // insert loop for (i=0; i<len; i++) { static if (A[0]>=0) { // dev wants max ranker // test for one of 'n' top values if (value <= members[i].value) break; } else { // dev wants min ranker // test for one of 'n' bottom values if (value >= members[i].value) break; } // rest of insertion logic, return true or false } return true; } bool expire(T value) { // remove value from list return true; } T extreme() { return members[len-1].value; } } alias Rank!(int, -1) IntMinRank; alias Rank!(int, 1) IntMaxRank; alias Rank!(double, -1) DblMinRank; alias Rank!(double, 1) DblMaxRank; int main() { auto top32 = new DblMaxRank(32); // max rank, 32 members auto bottom16 = new IntMinRank(16); // min rank, 16 members return 0; } --- That should do what I want. I do have a question for the experienced templaters out there: Is there any way to parameterize the alias statement so I can pass the type of the generic I want? In other words, rather than having to create a separate alias for each type create an alias like this: alias Rank!(T,-1) MinRank(T); alias Rank!(T, 1) MaxRank(T); I tried using this form, but I don't think the syntax is valid. Thanks, eris