Is it possible that someone of mariadb checks what happens when the 
max_user_connections is exhausted, because to me it looks like further requests 
are handled as being 'max_connections' which defeats the purpose of 
max_user_connections

> 
> 
> I lowered the max_user_connections hoping it would keep other
> connections. Yet I am seeing the opposite. I have the impression that '
> db: 'unconnected' user: 'unauthenticated' host:'  is being counted, which
> they should not be.
> 
> 
> >
> >
> > I did not have any issues until now with these settings[1]. I had again
> > abuse from Digital ocean and Microsoft. I thought these settings would
> > solve my issues. However looking at the logs I have a lot of these
> > entries
> >
> > to db: 'unconnected' user: 'unauthenticated' host:
> >
> > before these entries are logged:
> >
> > Aborted connection 3077 to db: xxxx user: 'aaaaaa' host:
> >
> > Can it be that the user is being blocked and when then the abuse
> > continues, these 'unauthenticated' are triggering the global server
> > blocking?
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > [1]
> > MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%max%connections%';
> > +-----------------------+-------+
> > | Variable_name         | Value |
> > +-----------------------+-------+
> > | extra_max_connections | 1     |
> > | max_connections       | 1000  |
> > | max_user_connections  | 10    |
> > +-----------------------+-------+
> >
> > MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VARIABLE_NAME        , GLOBAL_VALUE        ,
> > GLOBAL_VALUE_ORIGIN        , GLOBAL_VALUE_PATH     FROM
> > INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SYSTEM_VARIABLES    WHERE VARIABLE_NAME LIKE
> > 'max%connections';
> > +----------------------+--------------+---------------------+----------
> --
> > --------------+
> > | VARIABLE_NAME        | GLOBAL_VALUE | GLOBAL_VALUE_ORIGIN |
> > GLOBAL_VALUE_PATH        |
> > +----------------------+--------------+---------------------+----------
> --
> > --------------+
> > | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS | 50           | CONFIG              |
> > /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf |
> > | MAX_CONNECTIONS      | 1000         | CONFIG              |
> > /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf |
> > +----------------------+--------------+---------------------+----------
> --
> > --------------+
> >
> >
> > >
> > > I think you're looking for these variables:
> > >
> > >
> > > MariaDB> show variables like '%max%connections%';
> > > +-----------------------+-------+
> > > | Variable_name         | Value |
> > > +-----------------------+-------+
> > > | extra_max_connections | 1     |
> > > | max_connections       | 5000  |
> > > | max_user_connections  | 250   |
> > > +-----------------------+-------+
> > > 3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
> > >
> > > So set max_connections high, and limit the per-user scope using
> > > max_user_connections. works well for us.
> > >
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