This is a good primer on bytes vs strings: https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/
On June 14, 2022 2:43:54 AM CDT, Antonis Christofides <anto...@antonischristofides.com> wrote: >Exactly. The important thing to remember here is that, in Python 2, a "string" >is actually a list of bytes, whereas a "unicode string" is actually a list of >characters (not a list of unicode characters—just a list of characters). The >confusion arises because, when Python was created, i.e. in 1990, multi-byte >characters were in their infancy, and we mostly assumed that a character and a >byte was more or less the same thing. > >In Python 3, the Python 2 "strings" were renamed to "bytes", and the Python 2 >"unicode strings" were renamed to "strings"—and the syntax for the literals of >these types also changed. This made it way better. > >More information about all this is in >https://djangodeployment.com/2017/06/19/encodings-part-1/. > > > >On 12/06/2022 12.07, Virgilio Ravagli wrote: >> I found a way: book.title = titolo.decode('unicode_escape') >> it works fine >> >> Il giorno venerdì 10 giugno 2022 alle 21:45:46 UTC+2 Virgilio Ravagli ha >> scritto: >> >> Thank you, Antonis, it works ! >> book.title = u'Verità' doesn't give any errors. >> >> Just another step: suppose that the title with accented letters stays in >> a >> variable, say titolo, and I want to write >> book.title = titolo. It gives error. How can I do, when the assignment on >> the right is not a constant ? >> Thanks in advance >> >> Il giorno venerdì 10 giugno 2022 alle 15:25:51 UTC+2 Antonis Christofides >> ha scritto: >> >> Hello, >> >> try this: >> >> book.title = u'Verità' >> >> Regards, >> >> Antonis >> >> P.S. Sorry I was a bit harsh yesterday—I had drunk too much beer :-) >> >> >> On 10/06/2022 10.50, Virgilio Ravagli wrote: >>> I have surround book.save with a try...catch...; the exception is: >>> You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory >>> that >>> can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is >>> highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to >>> Unicode strings. >>> Without the try...catch, here is the traceback: >>> Environment: >>> >>> >>> Request Method: POST >>> Request URL: http://localhost:8000/uti/dataLoading/ >>> >>> Django Version: 1.8.5 >>> Python Version: 2.7.10 >>> Installed Applications: >>> ('django.contrib.admin', >>> 'django.contrib.auth', >>> 'django.contrib.contenttypes', >>> 'django.contrib.sessions', >>> 'django.contrib.messages', >>> 'django.contrib.staticfiles', >>> 'uti') >>> Installed Middleware: >>> ('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', >>> 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', >>> 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', >>> 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', >>> 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', >>> 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', >>> 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', >>> 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware') >>> >>> >>> Traceback: >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in >>> get_response >>> 132. response = wrapped_callback(request, >>> *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) >>> File >>> "C:\Users\RavagliV\eclipse-workspace-saved\librarian\uti\views.py" >>> in >>> datLoading >>> 34. msg = do_dat_loading() >>> File >>> "C:\Users\RavagliV\eclipse-workspace-saved\librarian\uti\views.py" >>> in >>> do_dat_loading >>> 79. book.save() >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in >>> save >>> 734. force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in >>> save_base >>> 762. updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, >>> force_insert, >>> force_update, using, update_fields) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in >>> _save_table >>> 827. forced_update) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py" in >>> _do_update >>> 877. return filtered._update(values) > 0 >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py" in >>> _update >>> 580. return >>> query.get_compiler(self.db).execute_sql(CURSOR) >>> File >>> "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py" >>> in execute_sql >>> 1062. cursor = super(SQLUpdateCompiler, >>> self).execute_sql(result_type) >>> File >>> "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py" >>> in execute_sql >>> 840. cursor.execute(sql, params) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in >>> execute >>> 79. return super(CursorDebugWrapper, >>> self).execute(sql, >>> params) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in >>> execute >>> 64. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py" in __exit__ >>> 97. six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, >>> traceback) >>> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py" in >>> execute >>> 64. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) >>> File >>> "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py" >>> in >>> execute >>> 318. return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) >>> >>> Exception Type: ProgrammingError at /uti/dataLoading/ >>> Exception Value: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a >>> text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory >>> = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your >>> application to Unicode strings. >>> >>> Il giorno giovedì 9 giugno 2022 alle 23:17:16 UTC+2 Antonis >>> Christofides ha scritto: >>> >>> Please read my email again. >>> >>> Antonis Christofides >>> +30-6979924665 <tel:+30%20697%20992%204665> (mobile) >>> >>> On 09/06/2022 22.27, Virgilio Ravagli wrote: >>>> All right. >>>> class Book(models.Model): >>>> code = models.PositiveIntegerField(primary_key=True) >>>> title = >>>> models.CharField(max_length=60,blank=False,null=False) >>>> >>>> book = Book() >>>> book.code = 1 >>>> book.title = 'Verità' >>>> book.save() >>>> >>>> the code is really simple >>>> Il giorno mercoledì 8 giugno 2022 alle 21:07:41 UTC+2 Antonis >>>> Christofides ha scritto: >>>> >>>> Please provide the minimum code that reproduces the >>>> problem, >>>> and the full traceback. >>>> >>>> Regards, >>>> >>>> Antonis >>>> >>>> >>>> On 08/06/2022 18.24, Virgilio Ravagli wrote: >>>>> ou must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a >>>>> text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings >>>> >>>> -- You received this message because you are >>>> subscribed to the >>>> Google Groups "Django users" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>> it, send an email to django-users...@googlegroups.com. >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>> >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/cf785c0e-5cfc-4587-b0cd-ea796a62a20bn%40googlegroups.com >>>> >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/cf785c0e-5cfc-4587-b0cd-ea796a62a20bn%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. >>> >>> -- You received this message because you are subscribed to >>> the Google >>> Groups "Django users" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>> send an email to django-users...@googlegroups.com. >>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>> >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/e2df5c07-5dd3-4fc3-9034-1955d438b670n%40googlegroups.com >>> >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/e2df5c07-5dd3-4fc3-9034-1955d438b670n%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Django users" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to django-users+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/fb8bed42-b1f9-4aba-aa9d-c87b06cc774cn%40googlegroups.com >> >> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/fb8bed42-b1f9-4aba-aa9d-c87b06cc774cn%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer>. > >-- >You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >"Django users" group. >To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >email to django-users+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >To view this discussion on the web visit >https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/django-users/ec176e04-212b-13ea-e2b7-c112cefe184e%40antonischristofides.com. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Django users" group. 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