Dear Dokter and all member dokter umum yang kami hormati,
Kebetulan ada posting tentang kangker payudara jadi sekalian saya mau tanya soal ini. Istri saya kan masih menyusui anak kami yang pertama, sekarang sudah 17 bulan usianya. Karena sakit, beberapa hari ini (sudah ada 6 hari) tidak mau menyusui ASI. Karena setiap kali dia meminta ASI, setelah diberi oleh istri justru anak menolak atau tidak mau. Begitu juga kalau sengaja diberi oleh istri saya. Karena anak kami tidak mau menyusui sama sekali, maka kami berpikir untuk menstop ASInya sekalian alias kalau kata orang sunda bilang `disapih'. Tapi kami beri susu kaleng. Nah... sekarang problemnya dan yang mau saya tanyakan adalah... setelah beberapa hari ini anak kami tidak mau minum ASI ibunya, maka payudara istri saya kan bengkak. Dan istri merasakan sakit katanya, sebagai suami saya juga tidak tega melihatnya. Karena setiap kali tersenggol terasa sakit. Yang saya takutkan, kalau sampai air susu ini tidak dikeluarkan akan bisa mengakibatkan kangker payudara. Apa betul ini Dokter dan member dokter umum semua? Soalnya kami awam soal hal ini. Tapi dari apa yang dibilang oleh `orang-orang tua', itu tidak apa-apa wajar katanya. Soalnya ASI terus berproduksi, jadi didiamkan saja jangan dikeluarkan ASInya. Sebab kalau dikeluarkan akan begitu terus atau ASI terus berproduksi dan tidak akan berhenti. Bagaimana pendapat dokter dan semua member dokter umum yang terhormat? Betulkah dengan mendiamkan ASI yang masih terus subur berproduksi tidak akan menyebabkan kangker. Mungkin masukan dan pengalaman dari anda semua bisa membantu saya. Terimakasih. Hormat kami, Chris dan Dimas email : chris_boo_...@yahoo.com <mailto:chris_boo_...@yahoo.com> --- In dokter_umum@yahoogroups.com, "bloodgroups09" <bloodgrou...@...> wrote: > > Breast Cancer possible treatments > > IMPORTANT FACTS > > There are some simple facts that might help you understand what breast cancer is and what the possible treatments are. Understanding them and the other information in this booklet should help you face some of the decisions that lie ahead in your treatment. > > First of all, remember that breast cancer is a treatable disease. > > There are four kinds of treatment. One or more of these may be used for you depending upon what you need and want. The four ways of treating breast cancer are: > > 1. Surgery (Removing the cancer with an operation.) > 2. Radiation therapy (Killing the cancer cells with special x-rays.) > 3. Chemotherapy (Killing the cancer cells with drugs.) > 4. Hormone therapy (Stopping the cells from growing with hormone > drugs.) > > Each of these four treatments is described in more detail later in this document. > > Your doctor should tell you what kind of breast cancer you have and the stage it is in (that is, if it has spread and, if so, how far it has spread). > > Some breast cancer can be treated in several different ways, and you may have a choice of treatments. If your doctor tells you that you do have a choice, you should take time to decide which treatment you would prefer. > > Unfortunately, some breast cancer can only be treated in one, specific way, so not all persons have a choice of treatment. Before making any decision or starting any treatment, you may wish to talk with each doctor who may be giving you a particular type of treatment: > > A surgeon removes breast cancer with an operation. > > A radiation oncologist gives breast cancer patients special x-rays to kill their cancer cells. > > A medical oncologist treats breast cancer patients, including selecting the drugs that can be used to kill their cancer cells or stop their cancer cells from growing. > > A plastic surgeon rebuilds the breasts after an operation. > > You have a right to get a second opinion from another doctor if you wish. > > You also may wish to participate in a clinical trial of a new or potentially improved treatment, and you should ask your doctor about these options if you are interested. > <http://www.onlinebreastcancerinfo.com/importantfacts.html> > > Effects of Treatment > > Because it is hard to limit the effects of cancer treatments so that only cancer cells are destroyed, natural, healthy tissue also may be affected by the treatments. That's why treatment often causes significant and unpleasant side effects. The side effects you will experience will depend upon the type of treatment used on your cancer and upon the part of your body that is being treated. > > If your treatment involves the removal of your breast, you may feel that your body is not balanced afterwards, especially if you have relatively large breasts. After a mastectomy, some women choose to wear a breast form, also called a prosthesis. Other women choose to have a plastic surgeon reconstruct their breast. Each choice has its advantages and disadvantages, and what is right for one woman may not be right for another. It may be helpful to talk with a plastic surgeon before your mastectomy is done, but remember: even if you decide not to have your breast reconstructed now, reconstruction is still possible years after the removal of your breast. > > If your treatment involves surgery, you may find that your skin in the breast area feels tight and the muscles of your arm and shoulder feel stiff after the operation. If your breast is removed, you may find that your neck and back become uncomfortable afterwards. > > Your doctor, nurse, or physical therapist can recommend exercises to help you regain movement and strength in your arm and shoulder and to help reduce the pain and stiffness in your neck and back. Carefully planned exercises should be started as soon as your surgeon says you are ready, often within a day or so after surgery. The first exercises you will do will be gentle and you will be able to do them in bed. Gradually, your exercises will become more active, and regular exercise should become a part of your normal activities. > > If you have a mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction, your exercise needs will be different than if you hadn't had the immediate breast reconstruction. Your surgeon will explain the best exercise approach for you. > > Because nerves are cut during surgery, you may have numbness and tingling in your chest, under your arm, and in your shoulder and arm. These problems usually go away within a few weeks, but some numbness may be permanent. The numbness should not interfere with your normal daily activities. > > If you have surgery that includes the removal of lymph nodes under your arm, the flow of lymph fluid in that arm will be slowed. In some women, this means that fluid builds up in the arm and hand and causes swelling (lymphedema). This fluid build-up after surgery can be reduced or prevented with exercises and by resting with your arm propped up on a pillow so that your arm is raised above the level of your heart. If lymphedema becomes a problem later on, you should tell your doctor, who may suggest other solutions. > > The removal of lymph nodes also will mean that it will be harder for your body to fight infection, so you will need to protect your arm or hand on the treated side from injury for the rest of your life. > > If your treatment involves radiation therapy, you may become very tired as treatment continues. Increased rest may be necessary. Skin reactions in the breast area, such as redness or dryness, are common. Skin care is important at this time. You should not use lotions or creams on the skin without your radiation oncologist's advice. Following radiation therapy, the appearance of your treated breast may be changed. > > If your treatment involves chemotherapy, the side effects you experience will depend upon the drugs that you are given. In addition, each person reacts to each drug differently. > > Chemotherapy affects rapidly growing cells, such as blood-forming cells and those that line your digestive tract. As a result, you may have side effects such as a lower resistance to infection, less energy, a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or mouth sores. You also may lose your hair, both on your scalp and on the rest of your body. Women taking chemotherapy often have the symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, and irregular periods). These side effects should only be temporary during treatment. If they persist, your dose may need to be changed. However, in some instances, chemotherapy may result in permanent sterility. > > Hormone therapy also can cause a number of side effects, depending upon the specific drug. When treatment interferes with your body's production or use of estrogen, you may have some of the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, interrupted periods, and vaginal dryness. You also may experience a weight gain. Because the usual hormones given after menopause to prevent hot flashes and osteoporosis might help your breast cancer cells grow, if you have been diagnosed with breast cancer you should not take replacement estrogen or progesterone (hormone replacement therapy) without talking with an oncologist. > <http://www.onlinebreastcancerinfo.com/effectsoftreatment.html> > > DEFINITIONS OF MEDICAL TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT > > Adjuvant therapy (AD-ju-vant THER-a-pee): Treatment given in addition to the primary treatment. > > Areola (a-REE-o-la): The area of dark-colored skin around the nipple. > > Aspiration (as-per-AY-shun): Removing fluid or tissue from a lump with a needle. > > Axilla (ak-SIL-a): The underarm. > > Axillary node dissection: Surgical removal of some of the lymph nodes from under the arm. > > Benign tumor (bee-NINE): A growth that it is not cancer; it will not spread to other parts of the body. > > Biopsy (BY-op-see): The removal of a sample of tissue so it can be looked at under a microscope to see if cancer cells are present. > > An excisional biopsy is surgery that is done to remove an entire lump. > > An incisional biopsy is surgery that is done to remove part of the tumor. > > A needle biopsy or aspiration is the removal of tissue or fluid with a needle. > > Breast Reconstruction: A surgical operation in which a plastic surgeon restores the form and appearance of a breast after it has been totally or partially removed through a mastectomy. > > Cancer (CAN-sir): A term for more than 100 diseases that involve uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body. > > carcinoma (car-si-NO-ma): Cancer that begins in the lining or covering tissues of an organ. > > Carcinoma in situ (car-si-NO-ma in SY-too): Cancer that involves only the cells in which it began and has not spread to other tissues. > > Lobular carcinoma in situ is found in the lobules of the breast. > > Ductal carcinoma in situ (also called intraductal carcinoma) is found in the ducts of the breast. > > Chemotherapy (kee-mo-THER-a-pee): Treatment with anti-cancer drugs. > > Clinical trial: Studies of cancer treatments. Each study is designed to answer scientific questions and to find better ways to treat patients. > > Cyst (sist): An abnormal sac within a tissue or organ, usually filled with fluid. > > Duct: A tube in the breast through which milk passes from the lobes to the nipple. > > Estrogen (ES-tro-jin): A female hormone. > > Hormone replacement therapy: Hormones sometimes taken after menopause to relieve symptoms such as hot flashes and to prevent osteoporosis (thinning of the bone). > > External radiation: Radiation therapy that uses a machine located outside the body to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. > > Fibrocystic changes: Nodularity (lumpiness) of both breasts, often accompanied by tenderness, that gradually increases with age until menopause and which may increase and decrease with the beginning and end of the monthly menstrual cycle. > > Gynecologist (guy-na-KOL-o-jist): A doctor who treats diseases of the female reproductive organs. > > Hormones: Chemicals produced by certain glands in the body. Hormones control the way certain cells or organs act. > > Hormone receptor tests.: Laboratory tests done on breast cancer tissue that has been removed during surgery to determine whether the growth of the cancer cells in that tissue is affected by the presence of estrogen or progesterone. > > Hormone therapy: Cancer treatment that involves removing, blocking, or adding hormones. > > Implant radiation: Radiation therapy that places materials that contain radiation into the breast through thin plastic tubes. > > Lobe: A part of the breast; each breast contains 15 to 20 lobes, arranged like the petals on a daisy. > > Lobule (LOB-yool): A subdivision of the lobes of the breast; each lobule ends in dozens of tiny milk-producing bulbs. > > Local treatment: Radiation therapy or surgery that affects cells in the tumor and the area close to it. > > Lumpectomy (lump-EK-to-mee): Surgery that removes the breast lump; usually followed by radiation therapy. > > Lymph (limf) fluid: An almost colorless fluid that bathes body tissues and carries cells that help fight infection. > > Lymph nodes: Small, bean-shaped organs located along the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (also called lymph glands) filter bacteria or cancer cells that may travel through the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are one of the first places where breast cancer may spread. They are present in the armpit. > > Lymphatic system (lim-FAT-ik): The tissues and organs (including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) that produce and store cells that fight infection; also the channels that carry lymph fluid. > > Lymphedema (lim-fa-DEE-ma): Swelling of the hand or arm caused by extra fluid that may collect in tissues when lymph nodes are removed or blocked. > > Malignant (ma-LIG-nant): Cancerous. (See cancer.) > > Mammogram (MAM-o-gram): An x-ray of the breast. Usually, a woman has two mammograms of each breast, one taken from the side and one from the top. > > Mammography (mam-OG-ra-fee): The x-ray procedure of taking a mammogram to detect breast tumors. > > Mastectomy (mass-TEK-to-mee): Surgery to remove the breast. > > Medical oncologist: A doctor whose specialty is treatment of cancer with medications (chemotherapy). > > Menopause: The time of a woman's life when menstrual periods stop; also called "change of life". > > Metastasis (me-TAS-ta-sis): The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Cells in the metastatic tumor (the second tumor) are generally like those in the original cancer. > > Modified radical mastectomy: Surgery to remove the breast, some of the skin, and some underarm lymph nodes. > > Oncologist (on-KOL-o-jist): A doctor who specializes in treating cancer. > > Palpation (pal-PAY-shun): A simple technique in which a health care provider lightly presses with his/her hand(s) on the surface of the body to feel the organs or tissue underneath. > > Pathologist (pah-THOL-o-jist): A doctor who identifies diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope. > > Progesterone (pro-JES-ter-own): A female hormone. > > Prosthesis (pros-THEE-sis): An artificial breast used to replace the appearance of one removed during surgery. > > External prosthesis: A breast form worn under clothing. > > Internal prosthesis: A breast form inserted under the skin in a surgical procedure. > > Radiation oncologist: A doctor whose specialty is treating cancer with radiation (radiation therapy). > > Radiation therapy (ray-dee-AY-shun THER-Apee): Treatment with high-energy rays from x-rays or other sources to kill cancer cells. > > Scans: Imaging tests that allow physicians to visualize various parts of the body to help them determine if cancer is present. > > Stage: The term used to describe how far the disease has spread within the body. > > Staging: The process of learning whether cancer has spread from its original site to another part of the body. > > Surgery: An operation. > > Systemic therapy (sis-TEM-ik THER-a-pee): Treatment that reaches and affects cells all over the body. > > Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue. > > Ultrasound (UL-tra-sound): A test that bounces sound waves off tissues and converts the echoes into pictures. Tissues with different densities reflect sound waves differently, making it possible to tell the difference between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass. > > Xeroradiography (zee-ro-ray-dee-OG-ra-fee): A type of mammography that records the picture of the breast on paper, rather than on film. > > X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. > > <http://www.onlinebreastcancerinfo.com/definitionsofmedicalterms.html> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
