Applications are invited for graduate student positions (Ph.D. or M.Sc. 
level) to study plant-insect interactions in the laboratory of Dr. Steven 
Ralph (www.und.edu/instruct/sralph/index.html) at the University of North 
Dakota (UND). A Graduate Research Assistantship is available immediately 
to investigate the molecular basis for resistance to insect pests in 
poplar trees using a forward genetics strategy. This project is funded by 
a new three year grant from the National Science Foundation. One of the 
most successful approaches to identify genes responsible for variation in 
a trait of interest is to produce mutants that are then screened for 
alterations in such traits. Our previous research identified several dozen 
activation tagged mutant poplar lines that are resistant to feeding by 
defoliating insect larvae. In this project, the modified gene in these 
insect resistant (IR) lines will be identified and functionally 
characterized. The roles these genes play in mediating IR will be 
systematically examined in poplar through both gene knock-down and over-
expression studies. Furthermore, mutant plants will be subject to thorough 
phenotypic characterization that includes evaluation of global changes in 
gene expression and measurement of insect feeding performance and larval 
development. It is expected that these studies will provide new insight 
into the genes and pathways that enhance resistance to feeding insects. 
Identification of specific IR genes will facilitate breeding of improved 
tree varieties in the future. The successful candidate will receive 
training in plant tissue culture, plant transformation, insect 
feeding/development bioassays, gene cloning and heterologous expression, 
bioinformatics, microarrays, and real-time PCR among other techniques. 
This project involves collaboration with researchers at North Dakota State 
University and the University of Florida and will require periodic travel 
to both institutions. 

Qualifications: Successful candidates should have a strong interest in 
research areas such as ecological and functional genomics, forest tree 
biology, plant-insect interactions, biochemistry and molecular biology. 
Candidates should possess good written and verbal English skills, be 
capable of working independently, and have demonstrated the ability to 
work as part of an interactive group. Successful candidates will be 
invited to submit a formal application for admission to the graduate 
program at UND (deadline February 15, 2011; 
www.und.edu/dept/biology/biology_graduate_program.htm). 

Stipend: The Graduate Research Assistantship starts at $18,000 (M.Sc.) or 
$21,000 (Ph.D.) per year and includes medical health insurance and a full 
tuition waiver. 

How to apply: Please supply a cover letter stating your interests, a CV 
describing your education and skills, undergraduate transcripts 
(unofficial is acceptable), and contact information for three referees. 
Send applications to Dr. Steven G. Ralph, Assistant Professor, Dept. of 
Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202-
9019, email steven.ra...@und.nodak.edu, phone: 701-777-4673. 

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