Alan opined "2. I would find 'ability to think analytically' hard to distinguish from 'mathematical aptitude' - although I accept that some narrow definitions of both characteristics may have minimal overlap." Well, I am no cognitive psychologist or psychometrician, but my inclination would have been to think it harder to separate analytical aptitude from verbal aptitude than from mathematical aptitude (including spatial abilities). In any case, the folks that prepare the Graduate Record Examinations here in the United Snakes think they have the three separated, as they report scores for verbal, quantitative, and analytical aptitude. Validation studies done with our graduate students have indicated that the analytical scores are the best predictor of how they do in our quantitative courses. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Karl L. Wuensch, Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville NC 27858-4353 Voice: 252-328-4102 Fax: 252-328-6283 [EMAIL PROTECTED] <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> http://core.ecu.edu/psyc/wuenschk/klw.htm <http://core.ecu.edu/psyc/wuenschk/klw.htm> ================================================================= Instructions for joining and leaving this list and remarks about the problem of INAPPROPRIATE MESSAGES are available at http://jse.stat.ncsu.edu/ =================================================================