unless you had a table comparable to the z table for area under the normal 
distribution ... for EACH different level of skewness ... an exact answer 
is not possible in a way that would be explainable

here is one example that may help to give some approximate idea as to what 
might happen though


                              .
                            .:::.
                           .:::::.
                          .:::::::.
                         .:::::::::.
                        .:::::::::::.
                       :::::::::::::::
              . .....:::::::::::::::::::..... .
          +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------C1

the above is a norm. distribution of z scores ... where 1/2 the data are 
above 0 and 1/2 are below

                           :
                           :.
                          .::.
                          ::::.
                          :::::.
                          ::::::::.
                          ::::::::::::................. ...   .
          +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------C2
       -5.0      -2.5       0.0       2.5       5.0       7.5

here is a set of z score data that is radically + skewed ... and even 
though it has 0 as its mean, 50% of the area is NOT above the mean of 0 ... 
note the median is down at about -.3 ... so, there is LESS than 50% above 
the mean of 0 ...

this means that for z scores above 0 ... there is not as much area beyond 
(to the right) ... as you would expect if the distribution had been normal ...

so, we can have some approximate idea of what might happen but the exact 
amount of this clearly depends on how much skew you have

MTB > desc c1 c2

Descriptive Statistics: C1, C2


Variable             N       Mean     Median     TrMean      StDev    SE Mean
C1               10000     0.0008     0.0185     0.0029     1.0008     0.0100
C2               10000     0.0000    -0.3098    -0.1117     1.0000     0.0100

Variable       Minimum    Maximum         Q1         Q3
C1             -3.9468     3.9996    -0.6811     0.6754
C2             -0.9946     8.0984    -0.7127     0.3921



At 07:27 AM 1/30/02 -0800, Melady Preece wrote:
>A student wants to know how one can calculate the area under the curve for 
>skewed distributions.  Can someone give me an answer about when a 
>distribution is too skewed to use the z table?
>
>Melady

_________________________________________________________
dennis roberts, educational psychology, penn state university
208 cedar, AC 8148632401, mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://roberts.ed.psu.edu/users/droberts/drober~1.htm



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