In a recent message I said there were 8 popssible rankings, when there are 3 alternatives, and equal ranking isn't used. Actually that number is 9, not 8. But it certainly isn't 15, unless we count a distinction people who do & don't rank their last choice. Bruce has posted a formula for the number of possible rankings when equal ranked candidates are included as a possibility, and that posting also has a table of the formula's results. Mike --