> I don't know what "all-votes" methods are. Could you define this term for > me? Sure. Sorry about that. It's what's called absolute votes in Norm Petry's http://groups.yahoo.com/group/election-methods-list/message/4980 post. Basically the given method (beatpath, Tideman, Dodgson, etc.) is applied to the pairwise vote matrix without calculating margins or dropping votes on the losing sides to zero. Example with 11 voters and three candidates: votes: 2:B>C>A pairwise matrix: A B C 3:A>B=C A 3 6 3:A=B>C B 2 5 3:C>A=B C 5 3 Dodgson(m) and Dodgson(wv) pick A, the Condorcet winner, but Dodgson(av) picks B, as do beatpath(av) and minmax(av). --- D- If the equal rankings are deemed half votes (so that there are 11 votes in each pairing), then there is ---- A B C A X 6 6 B 5 X 6.5 C 5 4.5 X