Hi Dominik,
it's not entirely clear what you want but I can suggest what I do. I
use the following capture rule to add entries to my journal (equivalent
to your lab book):
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
("j" "journal" entry
(file+datetree+prompt "~/s/notes/journal.org")
"* %(format-time-string \"%H:%M\") %^{Entry} %^G\n%i%?")
#+end_src
You could have two such capture rules, one for notes and one for TODO
items. To add notes to the TODO items, you could use the logging
capability so that org prompts for a note every time a TODO item changes
state. Have a look at org-log-state-notes-into-drawer.
--
: Eric S Fraga (0xFFFCF67D), Emacs 25.0.92.1, Org release_8.3.4-668-g809a83
