Ihor Radchenko writes:

> Thanks!
> This looks like an improvement.
> However, we may need to preserve the old defconsts for the time being
> and declare them obsolete.

Hi, Ihor,

I attach the new version of the patch with both variables declared
obsolete.

If everything is ok, I can add what is necessary to NEWS and to the Org Manual.

Best regards,

Juan Manuel

>From 9ff77e71a8cd89b883d5ead37909c887178e4402 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Juan Manuel Macias <maciasch...@posteo.net>
Date: Thu, 14 Jul 2022 13:42:50 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] * lisp/ox-latex.el: New variable `org-latex-language-alist'

(org-latex-language-alist): Unify in a single list
`org-latex-polyglossia-language-alist' and
`org-latex-babel-language-alist', and make the two variables obsolete.
---
 lisp/ox-latex.el | 173 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lisp/ox-latex.el b/lisp/ox-latex.el
index 1aab8ffd5..9e97f38db 100644
--- a/lisp/ox-latex.el
+++ b/lisp/ox-latex.el
@@ -172,144 +172,115 @@
 
 ;;; Internal Variables
 
-(defconst org-latex-babel-language-alist
-  '(("af" . "afrikaans")
-    ("bg" . "bulgarian")
-    ("ca" . "catalan")
-    ("cs" . "czech")
-    ("cy" . "welsh")
-    ("da" . "danish")
-    ("de" . "germanb")
-    ("de-at" . "naustrian")
-    ("de-de" . "ngerman")
-    ("el" . "greek")
-    ("en" . "english")
-    ("en-au" . "australian")
-    ("en-ca" . "canadian")
-    ("en-gb" . "british")
-    ("en-ie" . "irish")
-    ("en-nz" . "newzealand")
-    ("en-us" . "american")
-    ("es" . "spanish")
-    ("et" . "estonian")
-    ("eu" . "basque")
-    ("fi" . "finnish")
-    ("fr" . "french")
-    ("fr-ca" . "canadien")
-    ("gl" . "galician")
-    ("hr" . "croatian")
-    ("hu" . "hungarian")
-    ("id" . "indonesian")
-    ("is" . "icelandic")
-    ("it" . "italian")
-    ("la" . "latin")
-    ("ms" . "malay")
-    ("nl" . "dutch")
-    ("nb" . "norsk")
-    ("nn" . "nynorsk")
-    ("no" . "norsk")
-    ("pl" . "polish")
-    ("pt" . "portuguese")
-    ("pt-br" . "brazilian")
-    ("ro" . "romanian")
-    ("ru" . "russian")
-    ("sa" . "sanskrit")
-    ("sb" . "uppersorbian")
-    ("sk" . "slovak")
-    ("sl" . "slovene")
-    ("sq" . "albanian")
-    ("sr" . "serbian")
-    ("sv" . "swedish")
-    ("ta" . "tamil")
-    ("tr" . "turkish")
-    ("uk" . "ukrainian"))
-  "Alist between language code and corresponding Babel option.")
-
-(defconst org-latex-polyglossia-language-alist
-  '(("am" "amharic")
+(make-obsolete-variable 'org-latex-babel-language-alist
+                        "set `org-latex-language-alist' instead." "9.6")
+
+(make-obsolete-variable 'org-latex-polyglossia-language-alist
+                        "set `org-latex-language-alist' instead." "9.6")
+
+(defconst org-latex-language-alist
+  '(("am" "amharic" "*")
     ("ar" "arabic")
-    ("ast" "asturian")
+    ("ast" "asturian" "*")
     ("bg" "bulgarian")
-    ("bn" "bengali")
-    ("bo" "tibetan")
+    ("bn" "bengali" "*")
+    ("bo" "tibetan" "*")
     ("br" "breton")
     ("ca" "catalan")
-    ("cop" "coptic")
+    ("cop" "coptic" "*")
     ("cs" "czech")
     ("cy" "welsh")
     ("da" "danish")
-    ("de" "german" "german")
-    ("de-at" "german" "austrian")
-    ("de-de" "german" "german")
-    ("dsb" "lsorbian")
-    ("dv" "divehi")
+    ("de" "ngerman" "german" "german")
+    ("de-at" "naustrian" "german" "austrian")
+    ("dsb" "lsorbian" "*")
+    ("dv" "divehi" "*")
     ("el" "greek")
-    ("en" "english" "usmax")
-    ("en-au" "english" "australian")
-    ("en-gb" "english" "uk")
-    ("en-nz" "english" "newzealand")
-    ("en-us" "english" "usmax")
+    ("el-polyton" "polutonikogreek" "greek" "polytonic")
+    ("en" "american" "english" "usmax")
+    ("en-au" "australian" "english" "australian")
+    ("en-gb" "british" "english" "uk")
+    ("en-nz" "newzealand" "english" "newzealand")
+    ("en-us" "american" "english" "usmax")
     ("eo" "esperanto")
     ("es" "spanish")
+    ("es-mx" "spanishmx" "spanish" "mexican")
     ("et" "estonian")
     ("eu" "basque")
     ("fa" "farsi")
     ("fi" "finnish")
     ("fr" "french")
-    ("fu" "friulan")
+    ("fr-ca" "canadien" "french" "canadian")
+    ("fur" "friulan")
     ("ga" "irish")
     ("gd" "scottish")
     ("gl" "galician")
     ("he" "hebrew")
     ("hi" "hindi")
     ("hr" "croatian")
-    ("hsb" "usorbian")
+    ("hsb" "uppersorbian" "sorbian" "upper")
     ("hu" "magyar")
-    ("hy" "armenian")
+    ("hy" "armenian" "*")
     ("ia" "interlingua")
-    ("id" "bahasai")
+    ("id" "bahasai" "*")
     ("is" "icelandic")
     ("it" "italian")
-    ("kn" "kannada")
-    ("la" "latin" "modern")
-    ("la-classic" "latin" "classic")
-    ("la-medieval" "latin" "medieval")
-    ("la-modern" "latin" "modern")
-    ("lo" "lao")
+    ("kn" "kannada" "*")
+    ("la" "latin")
+    ("la-classic" "classiclatin" "latin" "classic")
+    ("la-medieval" "medievallatin" "latin" "medieval")
+    ("la-ecclesiastic" "ecclesiasticlatin" "latin" "ecclesiastic")
+    ("lo" "lao" "*")
     ("lt" "lithuanian")
     ("lv" "latvian")
-    ("ml" "malayalam")
-    ("mr" "maranthi")
-    ("nb" "norsk")
-    ("nko" "nko")
+    ("ml" "malayalam" "*")
+    ("mr" "maranthi" "*")
+    ("nb" "norsk" "norwegian" "bokmal")
     ("nl" "dutch")
-    ("nn" "nynorsk")
+    ("nn" "nynorsk" "norwegian" "nynorsk")
     ("no" "norsk")
     ("oc" "occitan")
     ("pl" "polish")
     ("pms" "piedmontese")
     ("pt" "portuges")
     ("pt-br" "brazilian")
-    ("rm" "romansh")
+    ("rm" "romansh" "*")
     ("ro" "romanian")
     ("ru" "russian")
-    ("sa" "sanskrit")
-    ("se" "samin")
+    ("sa" "sanskrit" "*")
     ("sk" "slovak")
-    ("sl" "slovenian")
+    ("sl" "slovene")
     ("sq" "albanian")
     ("sr" "serbian")
     ("sv" "swedish")
-    ("syr" "syriac")
-    ("ta" "tamil")
-    ("te" "telugu")
+    ("syr" "syriac" "*")
+    ("ta" "tamil" "*")
+    ("te" "telugu" "*")
     ("th" "thai")
     ("tk" "turkmen")
     ("tr" "turkish")
     ("uk" "ukrainian")
-    ("ur" "urdu")
+    ("ur" "urdu" "*")
     ("vi" "vietnamese"))
-  "Alist between language code and corresponding Polyglossia option.")
+  "Alist between language code and corresponding Babel/Polyglossia option.
+
+For the names of the languages, the Babel nomenclature is
+preferred to that of Polyglossia, in those cases where both
+coincide.
+
+The alist supports three types of members:
+
+- Members with two elements: CODE BABEL/POLYGLOSSIA OPTION.
+
+- Members with three elements: CODE BABEL/POLYGLOSSIA OPTION
+ASTERISK (the presence of the asterisk indicates that this
+language is not loaded in Babel using the old method of ldf
+files but using ini files. If Babel is loaded in an Org
+document with these languages, the \"AUTO \" argument is just
+removed, to avoid compilation errors).
+
+- Members with four elements (for variants of languages): CODE
+BABEL-OPTION POLYGLOSSIA-OPTION POLYGLOSSIA-VARIANT")
 
 (defconst org-latex-table-matrix-macros '(("bordermatrix" . "\\cr")
 					  ("qbordermatrix" . "\\cr")
@@ -1657,14 +1628,16 @@ Return the new header."
 	header
       (let ((options (save-match-data
 		       (org-split-string (match-string 1 header) ",[ \t]*")))
-	    (language (cdr (assoc-string language-code
-					 org-latex-babel-language-alist t))))
+	    (language (nth 1 (assoc language-code
+				    org-latex-language-alist))))
 	;; If LANGUAGE is already loaded, return header without AUTO.
 	;; Otherwise, replace AUTO with language or append language if
 	;; AUTO is not present.
 	(replace-match
 	 (mapconcat (lambda (option) (if (equal "AUTO" option) language option))
 		    (cond ((member language options) (delete "AUTO" options))
+			  ((let ((l (assoc language-code org-latex-language-alist)))
+			     (and (consp l) (= (length l) 3))) (delete "AUTO" options))
 			  ((member "AUTO" options) options)
 			  (t (append options (list language))))
 		    ", ")
@@ -1710,15 +1683,17 @@ Return the new header."
 	 (concat "\\usepackage{polyglossia}\n"
 		 (mapconcat
 		  (lambda (l)
-		    (let ((l (or (assoc l org-latex-polyglossia-language-alist)
+		    (let ((l (or (assoc l org-latex-language-alist)
 				 l)))
 		      (format (if main-language-set "\\setotherlanguage%s{%s}\n"
 				(setq main-language-set t)
 				"\\setmainlanguage%s{%s}\n")
-			      (if (and (consp l) (= (length l) 3))
-				  (format "[variant=%s]" (nth 2 l))
+			      (if (and (consp l) (= (length l) 4))
+				  (format "[variant=%s]" (nth 3 l))
 				"")
-			      (nth 1 l))))
+			      (if (and (consp l) (= (length l) 4))
+				  (nth 2 l)
+				(nth 1 l)))))
 		  languages
 		  ""))
 	 t t header 0)))))
-- 
2.36.1

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