In my setup, there is
(setq org-export-exclude-tags '("private" "exclude")
and In my test.org:
* test
** Not exported :exclude:
#+BEGIN_SRC ditaa :file test.png :cmdline -E
+--------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
x | 0 cRED | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 |
+--------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
#+END_SRC
** blah blah
blah blah blah
When I try to export it to pdf, the test.png is still generated,
although it is not used for the pdf at all.
So I think the export procedure may be optimized for more efficiency.