Hi Gene,
So once you've bought the controller, there is no other restriction. And
I assume that royalty is 2x per axis, once for each end of the cable.

No, they don't charge twice.
Part of marketing a Fieldbus-System is to make it widely accepted in the industry, so Beckhoff (and others like Siemens with Profinet) has/have to find a balance between protection and  easy/low cost accessibility.

From my understanding Beckhoff is very open regarding the master (who even does not need a special hardware, when driven by an RTOS) and are very restrictive when it comes to the slave (where a ASIC / FPGA is needed in any case)

Makes also sense from commercial point of view, because in a typical system there are much more slaves needed that masters.

Or can one receiver handle more than 1 axis with acceptable latency?

A slave in EtherCat's daisy chain topology has an input and an output Interface. (the biggest difference to most other ethernet based fieldbusses)

The incoming stream is shifted out with 1 bit delay to the output.

At 100Mbit/s -> 10ns delay added up to each slave in the chain.

The difference between one slave 3axis servo pack and three single axis servo amps is ~20ns. But to synchronise the output, all slaves have to wait for the full frame received.

Even on a 10 axis system this does not even come close to the total frame time.
Not to mention the jitter caused by a (soft)RTOS


cheers

Rainer




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