Rob,
An A-weighted sound is a measurement that applies the ANSI A filter to
the raw data.  The purpose of this filter is to raise some bands and
lower others a few dB so that it sounds even across the range to the
human ear.  
The octave band adjustments are below (from ISO 7779:1999)

Hz        dB
125     – 16.1
250     – 8.6
500     – 3.2
1k        0.0
2k        1.2
4k        1.0
8k      – 1.1
16k     – 6.6

These defined adjustments to the octave-bands and third-octave bands are
in Tables 2 and 3 of ISO 7779:1999.

BTW, this is typically a setting on the measurement device.

Hope this helps,
Sam
 

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