http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/lhc/lhc-en.html

The Large Hadron Collider
Our understanding of the Universe is about to change...

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a gigantic scientific instrument
near Geneva, where it spans the border between Switzerland and France
about 100 m underground. It is a particle accelerator used by
physicists to study the smallest known particles – the fundamental
building blocks of all things. It will revolutionise our
understanding, from the minuscule world deep within atoms to the
vastness of the Universe.

Two beams of subatomic particles called 'hadrons' – either protons or
lead ions – will travel in opposite directions inside the circular
accelerator, gaining energy with every lap. Physicists will use the
LHC to recreate the conditions just after the Big Bang, by colliding
the two beams head-on at very high energy. Teams of physicists from
around the world will analyse the particles created in the collisions
using special detectors in a number of experiments dedicated to the
LHC.

There are many theories as to what will result from these collisions,
but what's for sure is that a brave new world of physics will emerge
from the new accelerator, as knowledge in particle physics goes on to
describe the workings of the Universe. For decades, the Standard Model
of particle physics has served physicists well as a means of
understanding the fundamental laws of Nature, but it does not tell the
whole story. Only experimental data using the higher energies reached
by the LHC can push knowledge forward, challenging those who seek
confirmation of established knowledge, and those who dare to dream
beyond the paradigm.

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