"Reversing Brain Damage in Former NFL Players : implications for traumatic brain injury and substance abuse rehabilitation", J. Psychoactive Drugs, 2011 Jan-Mar; 43(1):1-5; article summarized on page 11 of Life Extension, Jan 2014-" ... "Participants were encouraged to lose weight (if appropriate) and take the following supplements for 6 months": ... Fish oil, vinpocetine, ginkgo extract, acetyl-L-Carnitine, huperzine A, N-acetyl-cysteine, high-potency multivitamin. ... "After 6 months, the tests were repeated. There were statistically significant increases in scores of attention, memory, reasoning, information processing speed, and accuracy in these retired NFL players". . "This study demonstrates that cognitive and cerebral blood flow improvements are possible in this group with multiple interventions" .